Table 2.
The hazard ratios of all-cause mortality according to baseline frailty status and one-year transition in frailty status
| Variables | N | Cases | Person-years | Incidence rate | Age and sex -adjusted | Multivariate-adjusted1 | Multivariate-adjusted2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95%CI) | HR (95%CI) | HR (95%CI) | |||||
| Frailty | |||||||
| No | 820 | 112 | 5526.80 | 20.26 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 101 | 48 | 566.95 | 84.66 | 3.24 (2.25–4.67)*** | 3.22 (2.13–4.87)*** | 2.67 (1.73–4.12)*** |
| One-year transition in frailty status | |||||||
| Robust to robust | 518 | 51 | 3602.43 | 14.16 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Robust to frail | 23 | 8 | 139.23 | 57.46 | 3.78 (1.74–8.20)*** | 3.63 (1.65–7.97)** | 2.76 (1.22–6.27)* |
| Frail to robust | 20 | 7 | 125.07 | 55.97 | 3.43 (1.53–7.67)** | 3.23 (1.38–7.53)** | 3.87 (1.63–9.19)** |
| Frail to frail | 36 | 17 | 209.31 | 81.22 | 5.13 (2.82–9.36)*** | 5.86 (2.93–11.70)*** | 4.08 (1.92–8.66)*** |
*:p < 0.05; **:p < 0.01; ***:p < 0.001
1Multivariate adjustment for age, sex, education, marital status, BMI, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity and exercising program
2Multivariate adjustment for age, sex, education, marital status, BMI, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, exercising program, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, hyperlipidemia, gout, hyperuricemia, arthritis, osteoporosis, stroke, cataract, fall history, sleep impairment and cognitive function
Incidence rate number of incident cases / person-years*1000, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval