Table 6.
Factors Associated with Mortality Among Children on ART at Livingstone Central Hospital (2003–2015)
| Predictor | N | Deaths | Unadjusted Mortality HR (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted Mortality HR (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (N%) | ||||||
| Male | 519 | 33 | Ref | |||
| Female | 520 | 38 | 1.17 (0.7–1.9) | 0.5207 | ||
| Baseline age | ||||||
| < 1 year | 179 | 29 | 5.4 (2.9–9.9) | <.0001 | 3.1 (1.3–6.4) | 0.0034 |
| 1-5 years | 387 | 25 | 1.9 (1.03–3.5) | 0.0423 | 1.1 (0.6–2.3) | 0.7529 |
| 5–15 years | 473 | 17 | Ref | Ref | ||
| Year of ART Initiation | ||||||
| 2003–2005 | 71 | 2 | 0.3 (0.03–2.7) | 0.2778 | ||
| 2006–2009 | 512 | 43 | 2.1 (0.8–5.9) | 0.1534 | ||
| 2010–2012 | 305 | 22 | 2.0 (0.7–5.9) | 0.1948 | ||
| 2013–2014 | 151 | 4 | Ref | |||
| Nutritional status at baseline | ||||||
| Wasted (WAZ < =-3SD) | 182 | 17 | Ref | Ref | ||
| WAZ > -3SD | 857 | 54 | 0.59 (0.3–1.02) | 0.0564 | 0.8 (0.6–1.5) | 0.5141 |
| CD4% | ||||||
| < 15% | 139 | 22 | 3.2 (0.9–10.8) | 0.0561 | ||
| 15–25% | 285 | 18 | 2.9 (0.8–9.9) | 0.08 | ||
| > =25% | 225 | 3 | Ref | |||
| missing | 390 | 28 | 3.1 (0.9–10.2) | |||
| Baseline Hemoglobin | ||||||
| < =8 | 705 | 40 | 1.68 (1.05–2.69) | 0.0295 | 1.2 (0.8–2.0) | 0.4025 |
| > 8 | 334 | 31 | Ref | Ref | ||
| WHO stage at baseline | ||||||
| stage 1 and 2 | 377 | 11 | Ref | Ref | ||
| stage 3 | 471 | 29 | 2.05 (1.01–4.06) | 0.0452 | 1.8 (0.9–3.6) | 0.1188 |
| stage 4 | 177 | 29 | 6.41 (3.19–12.85) | <.0001 | 4.8 (2.3–10) | <.0001 |
| missing | 14 | 0 | ||||
| TB at baseline | ||||||
| Yes | 318 | 21 | 0.82 (0.54–1.49) | 0.6645 | ||
| No | 721 | 50 | Ref | |||
| Regimen at baseline | ||||||
| 1NNRTI + 2NRTi’s | 907 | 53 | 0.26 (0.14–0.46) | <.0001 | Ref | |
| 3 NRTI’s | 54 | 4 | 0.37 (0.12–1.12) | 0.0789 | 1.9 (0.9–3.7) | 0.0603 |
| LPV/R based regimen | 78 | 14 | Ref | 0.9 (0.3–2.6) | 0.806 | |
| Mother took ART for PMTCT | ||||||
| Yes | 154 | 17 | Ref | Ref | ||
| No | 885 | 54 | 1.9 (1.2–3.4) | 0.0139 | 1.0 (0.1–1.05) | 0.0627 |
| aChild know HIV status | ||||||
| Yes | 191 | 4 | 0.21 (0.08–0.6) | 0.0029 | Ref | |
| No | 848 | 67 | Ref | 0.4 (0.1–1.05) | ||
aApplies to older children aged above 7 years’ old