Table 1.
A summary of penile lymphangioma cases reported in the literature
| Author | Diagnosis | Age of Onset | Causes/Comorbidities | Location | Treatment | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present case | Acquired | 30 years old with 21-year history | Skin of penis caught in zipper when patient was 9 years old | Asymptomatic bumps circumferentially around distal shaft of penis | Surgical resection | No pain, erythema or discharge found at 1 month follow-up |
| Gupta S et al. [11] | Acquired | 20 years old | Recurrent swelling with multiple, minute, papulo-vesicular lesions in right foot and leg from age of 3–4 months | Asymptomatic papular lesions on penis and scrotum present for 2–3 months | Simple electrofulguration of visible papulo-vesicles on penis | – |
| Acquired | 35 years old with 20-year history | – | Papular lesions and gradual swelling of scrotum and penis (shaft, frenulum and around external urethral meatus) | No intervention | – | |
| S Adikari et al. [10] | Acquired | 47 years old with 25-year history | Misdiagnosed as genital warts, treated for gonorrhea 5 years after | Smooth to palpation, wart-like lesion on dorsal aspect of penis, otherwise asymptomatic | Surgical excision | Successful with no sign of reccurrence |
| D. M. Piernick 2nd et al. [8] | Acquired | 48 years old with 5-year history | Hidradenitis suppurativa of buttocks, gluteal cleft and perineal area | Asymptomatic, multiple semitranslucent skin colored papules coalescing into plaques on penile shaft, scrotum and perineum | None | – |
| Errichetti et al. [4] | Acquired | 61 years old with 1-year history | Severe phimosis | Constricting phimotic ring and considerable edema of glans and distal foreskin with several translucent preputial papulovesicles (some slightly hyperkeratotic) localized close to balanopreputial sulcus | None - patient was waiting for surgery to correct phimosis – no follow-up information was provided | – |
| Zhang et al. [6] | Acquired | 8 years old with 2-week history | Surgery to correct phimosis | Asymptomatic, multiple small vesicular lesions on glans | “watch and wait” policy | Lesions resolved in 3 weeks |
| Dehner LP. et al. [21] | Acquired | 39 years old with 6-week history | – | Shaft, dorsum of penis | Surgical excision | Successful with no sign of recurrence |
| Ferris et al. [2] | Acquired | 35 years old with 30-year history | Measles? Circumcision? Pneumonia? All illnesses exacerbated condition | Lesions on foreskin of penis, scrotum and adjacent areas of the thigh and perineum | Surgical excision with skin graft | Successful with no sign of recurrence |
| Hagiwara et al. [9] | Acquired | 65 years old with 18-year history | Filariasis | Scrotum, extending to foreskin | Surgical excision and skin grafting | Successful with no sign of recurrence - transient penile edema present for few weeks |
| Sadikoglu et al. [5] | Acquired (inferred) | 15 years old with 3-year history | Blunt trauma caused skin thickening | Penile and scrotal skin | Surgical excision and skin grafting | Successful with no sign of recurrence |
| Kokcam et al. [19] | Acquired (inferred) | 19 years old with 3-year history | – | Multiple translucent and hemorrhagic vesicles on shaft and glans of penis. Surface was smooth, some umbilicated | Pt refused surgical intervention, advised to avoid mechanical trauma, apply silver sulfadiazine cream to ruptured lesions | No new lesions, overall number of lesions declined markedly with no other complications |
| Latifoglu et al. [22] | Acquired (inferred) | 10 years old with 6-year history | – | Penoscrotal lymphedema with erythematous plaque (irregular, well-defined border) on penile shaft and gelatinous-appearing, coalescent, verrucous vesicles and papules on scrotum | Surgical resection | Successful with no sign of recurrence |
| Maloudijan et al. [26] | Acquired (inferred) | 50 years old with 10-year history | – | Asymptomatic, 2 mm large vesicular lesions in sulcus coronarius from adjacent foreskin and glans | Patient abstained | – |
| Cestaro et al. [23] | Acquired (inferred) | 24 years old | HPV - genotype 6 comorbidity | Lesions on inguinal area, scrotum, penis, glans with associated edema of penis and lips | Surgery | Successful with no recurrence |
| Shi G. et al. [7] | Acquired [inferred] | 23 years old with 40-day history | Circumcision following phimosis 5 years ago | Asymptomatic translucent, yellowish, elevated, thick walled cystic lesions on right side of glans | 2940 nm nonablative fractional Er:YAG laser at 2–3 week intervals with power density of 3 J/cm2 at 20 ms and a 5 mm spot size | Lesions disappeard obviously after 4 sessions, no recurrence, dyspigmentation and paresthesia |
| Shah A. et al. [24] | Acquired [inferred] | 11 years old with few month history | – | Asymptomatic, soft mass on dorsal aspect of penis with extension towards right hemiscrotum | Local surgical resection | Recurrence 11 months following surgery |
| Bardazzi et al. [25] | Acquired [inferred] | 45 years old | – | Sulcus of prepuce | Diathermy | Successful with no sign of recurrence |
| Llanes et al. [16] | Cavernous | 20 years old | – | Soft lesion in dorsal area of prepuce | Circumcision | Successful with no sign of recurrence |
| Hayashi et al. [17] | Cavernous | 32 years old | – | Tumor on coronary sulcus of glans and submucosa | – | – |
| Cavernous | 35 years old | – | Tumor on coronary sulcus of glans and submucosa | – | – | |
| Geuekdjian et al. [27] | Circumscriptum | 3 years old | Congenital [inferred] | Asymptomatic, edematous swelling of penis particularly in skin spreading upwards to left groin | En bloc resection | Successful with no sign of recurrence |
| Demir et al. [18] | Circumscriptum | 21 years old with history since childhood | Congenital [inferred] | Recurrent infections, drainage of vascular lesions, penoscrotal deformity and inability to have sexual intercourse | Surgical excision | Successful, no sign of remission |
| Ferro et al. [3] | Circumscriptum | 16 years old | Congenital [inferred] | Tense vesicles filled with clear fluid on coronal region | 3 surgeries - remission every time. Denuded penis buried in tunnel guided through scrotum, 6 months after - shaft lift and recreated with scrotal skin | No negative consequences, local hairiness treated cosmetically |
| Osborne et al. [14] | Circumscriptum | 45 years old | Lichen planus - treated with cryotherapy | Cluster of translucent vesicles on shaft of penis and coronal sulcus. Balanomegaly. | Treatment declined | – |
| Tsur et al. [28] | Circumscriptum | 8 month old | Congenital [inferred] | asymptomatic elevated lesions on glans penis around meatus and dorsal aspect of penis | Surgical excision | Successful with no sign of recurrence |
| Drago et al. [12] | Circumscriptum | 27 years old | Ulceritive colitis | – | – | |
| Handa et al. [29] | Circumscriptum | 10 years old with 9 year history | Congenital [inferred] | Penis, scrotum, groins bilaterally | – | – |
| Swanson et al. [13] | Circumscriptum | 16 years old | Recurrent cellulitis of the penis and scrotum | Subcutaneous tissue of penis proximal to glans and skin of left proximal scrotum | – | – |
| Greiner et al. [15] | Circumscriptum cysticum | 13 years old | Congenital malformation | Edematous thickening of penile and scrotal skin | – | – |
A summary of penile lymphangioma cases reported in the literature