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. 2019 Jan 8;21:101102. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101102

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© 2019 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Fig. 5 — Cd²⁺-induced SOD1 oxidation is modulated by Zn²⁺and MT levels. Schematic drawing of the proposed mechanism of SOD1 oxidation as a function of Cd²⁺, Zn²⁺ and MTs. Left panel: when SOD1 is not overexpressed, Zn²⁺ (cyan) is displaced by Cd²⁺ (grey) and activates MTF-1 (green), which strongly induces MTs expression; the high levels of MTs contribute to restore the cellular redox balance by sequestering Cd²⁺. Centre panel: when SOD1 is overexpressed, it sequesters the Zn²⁺ displaced by Cd²⁺ causing a decreased MTs induction; Cd²⁺ is not efficiently sequestered by MTs and causes redox imbalance, leading to SOD1 oxidation. Right panel: when excess Zn²⁺ is supplemented, overexpressed SOD1 is metallated and the strong induction of MTs is restored, thus preventing SOD1 oxidation.