Table 3.

Additional sources of information on time trends in cannabis-related outcomes.

Authors	Outcome	Data source	Time period	Sample size	Age range	Results
Zhu and Wu (2016)	Cannabis-related emergency department (ED) visits	United States Drug Abuse Warning Network	2004–2011	2,823,321 ED visits	≥ 12 years old	1ncrease in rate ofcannabis-only-related ED visits, especially among adolescents.
						1ncrease in rate ofcannabis-polydrug-related ED visits.
Gubatan et al. (2016)	1CD-9 cannabis use disorder (abuse or dependence, emergency department (ED) visits)	Massachusetts General Hospital gastroenterology clinic patients	1986–2013	190,303	Mean age = 47	Prevalence of cannabis use disorders increased over time, which was associated with increases in ED visits.
Brady and Li (2014)	Traffic fatalities	Fatality Analysis Reporting System (California, Hawaii, 1llinois, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and West Virginia)	1999–2010	23,591	Not reported	Prevalence of cannabinol in the blood of fatally injured drivers increased over the study period.
McKay and Groff (2016)	Fatal airplane crashes	Federal Aviation Administration’s Civil Aerospace Medical 1nstitute toxicology database National Transportation Safety Board’s aviation accident database	1990–2012	6677 pilots	Mean age = 50	The prevalence of marijuana in the blood or tissues of fatally injured pilots increased over the study period.
Bonn-Miller et al. (2012)	1CD-9-CM cannabis use disorders	Veterans Health Administration national database	2002, 2008, and 2009	2002 (289,904)	Mean age = 53–54	Prevalence of cannabis use disorders increased over the study period. Results suggested that this occurred more in states with medical marijuana laws (wheremedical use ofmarijuana was legal).
				2008 (403,117)
				2009 (448,669)
Charilaou et al. (2017)	1CD-9-CM cannabis use disorders	U.S. National 1npatient Sample discharge diagnoses	2002–2011	7 million discharges per year	≥18 years old	Proportion of hospital discharge diagnoses involving cannabis abuse or dependence increased over the study period.
Shi (2017)	Rates of hospitalizations for 1CD-9-CM cannabis use disorders, and opioid use disorders or overdose	State Inpatient Databases, state-level annual administrative records from 27 states	1997–2014	382 state-year observations	Not reported	Significant increases in CUD diagnosis over time. Medical marijuana legalization was associated with reductions in hospitalizations related to opioid use disorders and overdose. They had no effect on cannabis-related hospitalizations.