Table 3.
Authors | Outcome | Data source | Time period |
Sample size | Age range |
Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zhu and Wu (2016) | Cannabis-related emergency department (ED) visits |
United States Drug Abuse Warning Network |
2004–2011 | 2,823,321 ED visits |
≥ 12 years old |
1ncrease in rate ofcannabis-only-related ED visits, especially among adolescents. |
1ncrease in rate ofcannabis-polydrug-related ED visits. | ||||||
Gubatan et al. (2016) | 1CD-9 cannabis use disorder (abuse or dependence, emergency department (ED) visits) | Massachusetts General Hospital gastroenterology clinic patients | 1986–2013 | 190,303 | Mean age = 47 |
Prevalence of cannabis use disorders increased over time, which was associated with increases in ED visits. |
Brady and Li (2014) | Traffic fatalities | Fatality Analysis Reporting System (California, Hawaii, 1llinois, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and West Virginia) | 1999–2010 | 23,591 | Not reported |
Prevalence of cannabinol in the blood of fatally injured drivers increased over the study period. |
McKay and Groff (2016) | Fatal airplane crashes | Federal Aviation Administration’s Civil Aerospace Medical 1nstitute toxicology database National Transportation Safety Board’s aviation accident database |
1990–2012 | 6677 pilots | Mean age = 50 |
The prevalence of marijuana in the blood or tissues of fatally injured pilots increased over the study period. |
Bonn-Miller et al. (2012) | 1CD-9-CM cannabis use disorders |
Veterans Health Administration national database |
2002, 2008, and 2009 |
2002 (289,904) |
Mean age = 53–54 |
Prevalence of cannabis use disorders increased over the study period. Results suggested that this occurred more in states with medical marijuana laws (wheremedical use ofmarijuana was legal). |
2008 (403,117) |
||||||
2009 (448,669) |
||||||
Charilaou et al. (2017) | 1CD-9-CM cannabis use disorders |
U.S. National 1npatient Sample discharge diagnoses |
2002–2011 | 7 million discharges per year |
≥18 years old |
Proportion of hospital discharge diagnoses involving cannabis abuse or dependence increased over the study period. |
Shi (2017) | Rates of hospitalizations for 1CD-9-CM cannabis use disorders, and opioid use disorders or overdose | State Inpatient Databases, state-level annual administrative records from 27 states | 1997–2014 | 382 state-year observations |
Not reported |
Significant increases in CUD diagnosis over time. Medical marijuana legalization was associated with reductions in hospitalizations related to opioid use disorders and overdose. They had no effect on cannabis-related hospitalizations. |