Table 2. List of genes encoded in the chloroplast genomes of six Betulaceae species.
| Category for genes | Group of gene | Name of gene |
|---|---|---|
| Photosynthesis related genes | Photosystem I | psaA, psaB, psaC, psaI, psaJ |
| Photosystem II | psbA, psbB, psbC, psbD, psbE, psbF, psbH, psbI, psbJ, psbK, psbL, psbM, psbN, psbT, psbZ | |
| Cytochrome b/f compelx | petA, petB, petD, petG, petL, petN | |
| ATP synthase | atpA, atpB, atpE,aatpF, atpH, atpI | |
| Cytochrome c synthesis | ccsA | |
| Assembly/stability of photosystem I | bycf3, ycf4 | |
| NADPH dehydrogenase | andhA,andhB(2), ndhC, ndhD, ndhE, ndhF , ndhG, ndhH, ndhI, ndhJ,andhK | |
| Rubisco | rbcL | |
| Transcription and translation related genes | Transcription | rpoA, rpoB,arpoC1, rpoC2 |
| Ribosomal proteins | rps2, rps3, rps4, rps7(2), rps8, rps11, rps12(2), rps14,rps15, rps16, rps18, rps19(2),arpl2(2), rpl14, rpl16, rpl20, rpl22, rpl23(2), rpl32, rpl33,rpl36 | |
| RNA genes | Ribosomal RNA | rrn5(2), rrn4.5(2), rrn16(2), rrn23(2) |
| Transfer RNA | trnI-CAU(2) trnI-GAU(2) trnL-UAA trnL-CAA(2) trnL-UAG trnR-UCU trnR-ACG(2) trnA-UGC(2) trnW-CCA trnM-CAU trnV-UAC trnV-GAC(2) trnF-GAA trnT-UGU trnT-GGU trnP-UGG trnfM-CAU trnG-UCC trnG-GCC trnS-GGA trnS-UGA trnS-GCU trnD-GUC trnC-GCA trnN-GUU(2) trnE-UUC trnY-GUA trnQ-UUG trnK-UUU trnH-GUG | |
| Other genes | RNA processing | matK |
| Carbon metabolism | cemA | |
| Fatty acid synthesis | accD | |
| Proteolysis | bclpP | |
| Translational initiation factor | infA | |
| Genes of unknown function | Conserved reading frames | ycf1, ycf2(2) |
Notes.
a
gene with one intron.
b
gene with two introns.
(2): gene with two copies.