RNA structures with a high Na+ content. Na+, K+, and Mg2+ are shown in magenta, red, and green, respectively. Ob bound Na+ can be found in the following structures with resolution ≤2.0 Å: PDBid: 1J8G, 1J6S, 3ZP8, 2R21, 5B2O/P, 3DIL, 4RKV, 4RNE, 4RJ1. (A) A 1.55 Å resolution hammerhead structure with 16 Na+ (Anderson et al. 2013). (B) A 1.9 Å resolution lysine riboswitch structure with 29 Na+, 3 K+, and 1 Mg2+ (Serganov et al. 2008). (C) A 2.4 Å resolution structure of the Haloarcula marismortui 50S with 85 Na+, 3 K+, and 138 Mg2+ (Klein et al. 2004; Gabdulkhakov et al. 2013). (D) The rRNA and protein chains shown in C were hidden to highlight the ionic content of this structure.