Table 1. Photo-activated cellular uptake was demonstrated for a wide range of biomolecules and nanomaterials with different sizes (d). The concentrations of FITC, avidin, QDs, PS, Au stars and liposomes were 100 μM, 2.5 μM, 40 nM, 50 μg mL–1, 2.85 nM and 0.5 mg mL–1. The enhancement rate (η) was determined by comparing the cellular uptake with and without light activation.
| FITC | Avidin | QDs | PS | Au stars | Liposomes | |
| d (nm) | 1 | 5 | 10 | 20 | 50 | 200 |
| η (%) | 283 | 207 | 1015 | 1063 | 297 | 290 |