Table 2:

Change in outcome measures after the TSST and Control tasks among placebo-treated participants (data represent pre- to post-task changes compared between tasks using paired t-test).Asterisks indicate significant outcomes (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001).

	Control	TSST	t(df)
Physiological
Heart rate (bpm)	4.3±3.0	17.4±3.2	2.5(6)*
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)	1.6±2.3	12.0±3.3	−2.3(13)*
Cortisol (ug/dL)	0.02±0.02	0.24±0.09	−2.4(8)*
Subjective distress (VAS)	6.2±10.8	141±21.2	−6.2(13)***
Pre-task Appraisals (PASA)
Self-efficacy	4.8±0.2	3.9±0.2	3.7(12)**
Threat	3.2±0.2	3.3±0.2	−0.3(12)
Challenge	3.6±0.1	3.5±0.1	0.3(12)
Post-task Appraisals (PASA VAS)
Stressful	7.3±2.4	62.9±7.5	−7.4(13)***
Challenging	12.3±4.2	71.4±5.3	−9.4(13)***
Know how to influence	85.4±6.7	66.9±8.2	1.7(13)
Ability to influence	84.4±6.8	56.4±7.8	2.4(13)*
Satisfaction	51.6±3.8	36.1±6.8	8.3(13)***