Table 1.
Characteristics of the patients with AECOPD
| Characteristics | PRADO (n=62) | Control (n=202) | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex ratio (M/F) | 0.59 | (23/39) | 0.46 | (64/138) | 0.428 |
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 65.5 (61.4–75.3) | 70.1 (63.1–77.7) | 0.141 | ||
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 25.2±7 | 26.4±7.3 | 0.269 | ||
| Diabetes, n, % | 12 | 19.3% | 40 | 19.8% | 0.938 |
| High blood pressure, n, % | 24 | 38.7% | 93 | 46.0% | 0.310 |
| Dyslipidemia, n, % | 17 | 27.4% | 61 | 30.2% | 0.095 |
| Chronic heart failure, n, % | 20 | 32.2% | 77 | 38.1% | 0.402 |
| LVEF, %, mean ± SD | 59±10.4 | 58.3±11.8 | 0.750 | ||
| Chronic renal failure, n, % | 6 | 9.5% | 20 | 9.9% | 0.668 |
| Cirrhosis, n, % | 1 | 1.6% | 4 | 2.0% | 0.853 |
| Depression, n, % | 8 | 12.9% | 37 | 18.3% | 0.321 |
| Cancer, n, % | 4 | 6.4% | 27 | 13.4% | 0.139 |
| Moderate-to-severe OSA, n, % | 15 | 24.2% | 37 | 18.3% | 0.309 |
| Excessive alcohol intake, n, % | 9 | 14.5% | 21 | 10.4% | 0.371 |
| Tobacco, n, % | 0.839 | ||||
| No tobacco history | 2 | 3.2% | 10 | 5.0% | |
| Active smoker | 24 | 38.7% | 79 | 39.1% | |
| Former smoker | 36 | 58.1% | 113 | 55.9% | |
| Pack-years of smoking, mean ± SD | 49.04±22.13 | 45.32±22.61 | 0.280 | ||
| Baseline mMRC dyspnea grade, mean ± SD | 2.36±1.25 | 2.50±1.64 | 0.668 | ||
| Functional respiratory exploration | |||||
| FEV1, L, mean ± SD | 0.99±0.48 | 1.10±0.47 | 0.126 | ||
| FEV1, % of predicted value, mean ± SD | 39.48±17.26 | 43.79±17.77 | 0.097 | ||
| FVC, L, mean ± SD | 2.20±0.84 | 2.19±0.81 | 0.946 | ||
| FVC, % of predicted value, mean ± SD | 67.23±20.07 | 67.83±21.91 | 0.854 | ||
| TLC, L, median (IQR) | 6.92 (5.62–8.42) | 6.81 (5.67–8.00) | 0.332 | ||
| TLC, % of predicted value, median (IQR) | 126 (105–148) | 116 (100–134) | 0.079 | ||
| RV, L, mean ± SD | 4.66±1.40 | 4.52±1.54 | 0.597 | ||
| RV, % of predicted value, median (IQR) | 225 (155–257) | 188 (146–240) | 0.074 | ||
| KCO, %, median (IQR) | 38.00 (28.00–58.50) | 41.50 (31.00–64.75) | 0.566 | ||
| Severity of COPD (GOLD 2011), n, % | 0.021 | ||||
| Mild | 1 | 1.6% | 7 | 3.5% | |
| Moderate | 14 | 22.6% | 55 | 27.2% | |
| Severe | 22 | 35.5% | 91 | 45.0% | |
| Very severe | 24 | 38.7% | 45 | 22.3% | |
| COPD diagnosis >5 years, n, % | 29 | 46.8% | 99 | 49.0% | 0.758 |
| Prior Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolation, n, % | 9 | 14.5% | 36 | 17.8% | 0.545 |
| Prior Mycobacteria isolation, n, % | 5 | 8.1% | 20 | 9.9% | 0.666 |
| Prior Aspergillus fumigatus isolation, n, % | 11 | 17.7% | 20 | 9.9% | 0.093 |
| Pulmonary rehabilitation program, n, % | 8 | 12.9% | 20 | 9.9% | 0.502 |
| Frequent-exacerbation phenotype | 37 | 59.7% | 86 | 42.6% | 0.018 |
| Number of AECOPDs within previous 12 months, n, % | 1.83±1.63 | 1.17±1.58 | 0.008 | ||
| Hospitalized AECOPDs within previous 12 months, n, % | 1.26±1.49 | 0.64±1.15 | 0.001 | ||
Abbreviations: AECOPD, acute exacerbation of COPD; F, female; KCO, carbon monoxide transfer coefficient; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; M, male; mMRC, modified British Medical Research Council dyspnea scale; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; PRADO, Programme d’accompagnement de retour à domicile; RV, residual volume; TLC, total lung capacity.