Figure 6.

Oleate reduces cAMP levels and induces autophagy independent of PKA. A, MIN6 cells were treated with 0.4 mm oleate or 0.4 mm palmitate or BSA control, before lysis for assessment of cAMP levels (n = 3). Results are expressed as % of control (18.7 ± 0.3 fmol/mg of protein). B and C, levels of LC3II in MIN6 cells after 48 h treatment with 0.4 mm oleate or BSA control in the presence of (B) 50 μm H-89 (n = 4), or (C) 100 nm 8-Br-cAMP-AM (n = 9). The cells were incubated with or without 50 μm CQ for 2 h prior to cell lysis. D, levels of LC3II in isolated mouse islets with 48 h treatment of 10 μm 6-Bnz-cAMP in the presence or absence of 0.4 mm oleate (n = 4). The islets were incubated with 50 μm CQ for 2 h prior to cell lysis. The BSA-treated group was used as the control. Data shown are the mean ± S.E. of the densitometric quantification. Statistical analyses were with one-way ANOVA with a Sidak post hoc test. *, p < 0.05 as indicated or versus control.