Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of subjects according to the incident end-stage renal disease
| No ESRD (n = 8482030) | ESRD (n = 11247) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 48.4 ± 13.8 | 61.6 ± 12.8 |
| Sex (male) | 4949517 (58.4) | 7804 (69.4) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.8 ± 3.1 | 24.1 ± 3.3 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 122.5 ± 14.6 | 133.3 ± 18.0 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 76.4 ± 9.8 | 79.9 ± 11.0 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 97.1 ± 21.9 | 119.7 ± 52.1 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 86.9 ± 40.7 | 51.1 ± 35.4 |
| eGFR<60ml/min/1.73m2 | 556715 (6.56) | 7383 (65.64) |
| Proteinuriaa | 183153 (2.12) | 5185 (46.5) |
| Baseline TC (mg/dL) | 195.9 ± 36.2 | 192.7 ± 45.8 |
| Mean TC (mg/dL) | 193.8 ± 30.7 | 196.5 ± 35.5 |
| TC variability | ||
| CV (%) | 9.89 ± 5.85 | 13.97 ± 8.36 |
| SD (mg/dL) | 19.21 ± 12.05 | 27.59 ± 17.75 |
| VIM (%) | 19.19 ± 11.33 | 27.07 ± 16.18 |
| Current smoker | 2127491 (25.1) | 2507 (22.3) |
| Alcohol drinking | 4145065 (48.9) | 3600 (32.0) |
| Regular exercise | 1669116 (19.7) | 2247 (20.0) |
| Income (lower 10%) | 653720 (7.7) | 1190 (10.6) |
| Hypertension | 2250017 (26.5) | 9222 (82.0) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 739482 (8.7) | 5302 (47.1) |
| Dyslipidemia | 1642680 (19.4) | 5225 (46.5) |
| On lipid-lowering agent | 1191358 (14.1) | 5306 (47.2) |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 180411 (2.13) | 1274 (11.33) |
| Any malignancy | 97030 (1.1) | 324 (2.9) |
Data are expressed as the means ± SD, or n (%). P-values were < 0.0001 for all variables because of the large size of the study population.
BP, blood pressure; CV, coefficient of variation; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; SD, standard deviation; TC, total cholesterol; VIM, variability independent of the mean.
a
Proteinuria was defined as having urinary protein ≥ 1+ on dipstick testing in fasting morning urine.