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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 8.
Published in final edited form as: Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2018 Oct 28;89:435–445. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.10.014

Figure 1.

Figure 1

A simplified schematic overview of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the stress response, fear conditioning and fear inhibition. The squared boxes indicate brain areas and the dotted lines indicate observable features and the HPA axis. Abbreviations: US = unconditioned stimulus, CS = conditioned stimulus, LC = locus coeruleus, VN = vagus nerve, dACC = dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, BLA = basolateral amygdala, CeA = central amygdala, vmPFC = ventromedial prefrontal cortex, PAG = periaquaductal gray, VN = vagal nucleus