Table 2. Parameters used in the model.

Par	Description	Value	Refs
N1/N2 modules
λ	IL-6-induced signaling source of the N2 module	0.01	[103], Estimated
G	TGF-β-induced signaling source of the N2 module	0-1.0	[38]
k1	autocatalytic production rate (N2 module)	4.0	Estimated
k3	Hill-type coefficient	1.0	Estimated
α	Inhibition strength of the N2 module by the N1 module	1.5	Estimated
k2	autocatalytic production rate (N1 module)	4.0	Estimated
k4	Hill-type coefficient	1.0	Estimated
β	Inhibition strength of the N1 module by the N2 module	1.0	Estimated
S	IFN-β-induced signaling source of the N1 module	0-1.0	[68], Estimated
μ	Relative decay rate of N1 and N2 TANs	1.0	[60, 61]
thC	Threshold of the N2 module for tumor growth switch	1.5	Estimated
Tumor module
r	Tumor growth rate	0.05	[36]
K	Inhibition parameter of N2-mediated growth	1.0	[36], Estimated
γ1	Inhibition parameter of N2-mediated growth	0.1	[36], Estimated
T0	Carrying capacity of a tumor	100	[36], Estimated
δ	Killing rate of tumor cells by N1 TANs	0.005	[36], Estimated
Therapeutics
Gs	TGF-β source	0.826	Estimated
μG	Decay rate of TGF-β	0.826	[7, 41, 47, 64].
γL	Clearance rate of TGF-β from TGF-β inhibitor binding	100	Estimated
Ls	Injection rate of TGF-β inhibitor	13	Estimated
μL	Decay rate of TGF-β inhibitor	6.6	[65]
SS	IFN-β injection rate	1 -100	[22–25, 36, 37]
μS	Decay rate of IFN-β	3.96	[67]
Reference values
G*	TGF-β Concentration	1 ng/mL	[38]
S*	IFN-β Concentration	10 ng/mL	[68]
T*	Tumor Volume	100 mm3	[36]