Table 1.

Hazard ratios of total stroke by different levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol at baseline and during follow-up among patients with type 2 diabetes

	High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)							P for trend
	<30	30–39.9	40–49.9	50–59.9	60–69.9	70–79.9	≥80
Baseline value
Men	5,870	13,317	8,457	3,007	916	287	219
Cases	851	1,649	975	332	109	32	25
Person-years	15,952	38,707	24,519	8,367	2,558	725	551
Model 1	1.00	0.79 (0.73-0.86)	0.72 (0.65-0.79)	0.69 (0.61-0.78)	0.72 (0.59-0.88)	0.83 (0.58-1.18)	0.85 (0.57-1.27)	<0.001
Model 2	1.00	0.86 (0.79-0.94)	0.81 (0.73-0.89)	0.74 (0.65-0.85)	0.74 (0.60-0.91)	0.86 (0.60-1.23)	0.82 (0.55-1.22)	<0.001
Model 3	1.00	0.89 (0.82-0.97)	0.85 (0.77-0.93)	0.80 (0.70-0.91)	0.83 (0.67-1.02)	0.89 (0.62-1.27)	0.93 (0.62-1.39)	0.013
Women	2,207	8,729	11,991	7,323	3,296	1,206	719
Cases	362	1237	1475	832	385	155	77
Person-years	5,435	25,109	35,386	21,497	9,578	3,341	1,973
Model 1	1.00	0.77 (0.68-0.87)	0.62 (0.55-0.69)	0.55 (0.49-0.62)	0.55 (0.48-0.63)	0.61 (0.50-0.74)	0.55 (0.43-0.70)	<0.001
Model 2	1.00	0.87 (0.77-0.98)	0.74 (0.66-0.83)	0.67 (0.59-0.76)	0.66 (0.56-0.76)	0.70 (0.57-0.85)	0.57 (0.44-0.74)	<0.001
Model 3	1.00	0.86 (0.77-0.97)	0.75 (0.67-0.85)	0.70 (0.61-0.79)	0.72 (0.62-0.83)	0.76 (0.62-0.92)	0.63 (0.49-0.81)	<0.001
Men and women combined	8,077	22,046	20,448	10,330	4,212	1,493	938
Cases	1213	2886	2450	1164	494	187	102
Person-years	21,387	63,816	59,905	29,864	12,136	4,066	2,524
Model 1	1.00	0.80 (0.74-0.85)	0.68 (0.64-0.73)	0.61 (0.57-0.67)	0.61 (0.55-0.68)	0.68 (0.58-0.79)	0.63 (0.51-0.77)	<0.001
Model 2	1.00	0.89 (0.83-0.96)	0.81 (0.75-0.87)	0.74 (0.68-0.80)	0.73 (0.66-0.82)	0.79 (0.67-0.93)	0.70 (0.57-0.86)	<0.001
Model 3	1.00	0.86 (0.80-0.92)	0.77 (0.72-0.83)	0.71 (0.65-0.77)	0.71 (0.64-0.80)	0.77 (0.66-0.91)	0.69 (0.56-0.85)	<0.001
Updated mean value
Men	3,098	10,711	7,312	2,401	684	187	96
Cases	507	1449	924	303	94	25	11
Person-years	9,047	33,424	22,877	7,411	2,090	560	310
Model 1	1.00	0.76 (0.69-0.84)	0.69 (0.62-0.77)	0.66 (0.57-0.76)	0.72 (0.58-0.90)	0.74 (0.50-1.11)	0.56 (0.31-1.01)	<0.001
Model 2	1.00	0.84 (0.75-0.93)	0.78 (0.69-0.87)	0.73 (0.63-0.85)	0.75 (0.59-0.94)	0.72 (0.48-1.08)	0.56 (0.31-1.02)	<0.001
Model 3	1.00	0.89 (0.80-0.99)	0.86 (0.76-0.96)	0.83 (0.71-0.97)	0.86 (0.68-1.08)	0.91 (0.60-1.36)	0.72 (0.39-1.31)	0.205
Women	862	6,044	9,955	6,455	2,715	876	500
Cases	175	999	1,318	811	350	130	53
Person-years	2,288	18,106	31,471	20,438	8,563	2,663	1,534
Model 1	1.00	0.72 (0.61-0.84)	0.53 (0.45-0.62)	0.47 (0.40-0.55)	0.47 (0.39-0.56)	0.56 (0.44-0.70)	0.41 (0.30-0.55)	<0.001
Model 2	1.00	0.82 (0.69-0.96)	0.64 (0.54-0.75)	0.59 (0.49-0.70)	0.56 (0.46-0.68)	0.65 (0.51-0.82)	0.44 (0.32-0.60)	<0.001
Model 3	1.00	0.89 (0.75-1.05)	0.70 (0.60-0.83)	0.66 (0.55-0.78)	0.66 (0.55-0.80)	0.78 (0.62-0.99)	0.54 (0.40-0.74)	<0.001
Men and women combined	3,960	16,755	17,267	8,856	3,399	1,063	596
Cases	682	2448	2242	1114	444	155	64
Person-years	11,335	51,530	54,348	27,849	10,653	3,223	1,844
Model 1	1.00	0.77 (0.71-0.84)	0.64 (0.59-0.70)	0.58 (0.52-0.63)	0.57 (0.51-0.65)	0.66 (0.55-0.79)	0.48 (0.37-0.62)	<0.001
Model 2	1.00	0.86 (0.78-0.93)	0.75 (0.68-0.82)	0.69 (0.63-0.77)	0.68 (0.60-0.77)	0.77 (0.64-0.92)	0.54 (0.42-0.70)	<0.001
Model 3	1.00	0.84 (0.77-0.92)	0.73 (0.66-0.80)	0.68 (0.61-0.75)	0.67 (0.59-0.76)	0.77 (0.65-0.93)	0.55 (0.42-0.71)	<0.001

Data are hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) unless otherwise indicated. Model 1 adjusted for age and race. Model 2 adjusted for age, race, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, HbA1c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, estimated GFR, and smoking. Models 3 adjusted for age, race, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, HbA1c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, estimated GFR, smoking, use of antihypertensive drugs, use of diabetes medications, and use of lipid-lowering agents.