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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Stroke. 2019 Feb;50(2):321–327. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.023099

Table 4.

Hazard ratio of cardiovascular events comparing participants meeting the Sodium-to-Potassium ratio ≤ 1.00, as reference, with those participants who exceed this ratio for all cardiovascular events (CVD), coronary heart disease events (CHD), heart failure, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), and Stroke.

CVD (n=781) CHD (n=530) Heart Failure (n=274) PVD (n=104) Stroke (n=236)
Model 1 1.21 (1.04, 1.40) 1.13 (0.94, 1.35) 1.24 (0.96, 1.60) 1.13 (0.75, 1.69) 1.44 (1.09, 1.90)
Model 2 1.25 (1.08, 1.45) 1.12 (0.97, 1.38) 1.28 (0.99, 1.65) 1.22 (0.82, 1.83) 1.54 (1.17, 2.05)
Model 3 1.13 (0.96, 1.33) 1.11 (0.92, 1.34) 1.07 (0.81, 1.41) 1.11 (0.70, 1.74) 1.47 (1.07, 2.00)

Model 1: Age, sex, race

Model 2: Age, sex, race, diabetes, smoking (current and former), total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and treated hypertension

Model 3: Age, sex, race, diabetes, smoking (current and former), total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, treated hypertension, education, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, hip circumference, body mass index, aspirin use, intentional exercise, and GFR.