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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 28.
Published in final edited form as: Analyst. 2019 Jan 28;144(3):980–989. doi: 10.1039/c8an01083h

Figure 1. Quantum dot (QD)-based immunoassays for detection of TNF-α.

Figure 1.

Schematic of sandwich detection schemes using anti-TNF-α capture (red) and detection (blue) antibody pair. (Top) Standard immunoconjugate (IC) format in which the detection antibody is first attached to the QD. (Bottom) Chemical amplification (ChemAmp) technique in which the detection antibody is modified with trans-cyclooctene (TCO), bound to TNF-α, and covalently reacted with tetrazine-modified QDs via bioorthogonal cycloaddition reaction. ChemAmp results in multiple nanoparticles attaching per detection antibody, enhancing detection sensitivity.