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. 2019 Jan 22;10:8. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00008

FIGURE 6.

FIGURE 6

Effect of dsRNA injection on endogenous GSTS1 transcript levels. (A) The effects of TOM treatment on GSTS1 transcript levels were determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. (B) Steady-state GSTS1 transcript levels in midgut and fat body tissues were determined by the quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis of green fluorescent protein dsRNA (dsGFP) and GSTS1 dsRNA (dsGSTS1) injections into fourth instar S. litura larvae. (C) Effects of dsRNA injection on the weight gain and mortality of S. litura larvae fed TOM. The weight growth rates of S. litura fourth instar larvae fed artificial diets supplemented with tomatine (TOM, 0.05 mg/g) after receiving dsRNA injections at different feed stages were monitored. Data were normalized to the α-actin internal control, and the 2−Δ Δ Ct method was used to determine the relative expression levels. The results are expressed as the mean ± SE from assays performed in triplicate. Asterisks indicate significant differences (∗p < 0.05). Significant differences among groups are indicated by the letters above each bar (p < 0.05 according to one-way ANOVA followed by the Duncan’s multiple range test). dsGFP+TOM, green fluorescent protein dsRNA-injected larvae fed artificial diets supplemented with tomatine; dsGSTS1+TOM, GSTS1-injected larvae fed artificial diets supplemented with tomatine.