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. 2019 Jan 28;9:780. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37055-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Dose-response of tested depigmenting agents in B16F10 aggregates at 96 hours PT. (A) The amount of extracellular melanin did not significantly change with different concentrations of arbutin. (B) Kojic acid showed a typical dose-dependent depigmentation. (C) Niacinamide concentrations higher than 500 μM significantly induced melanin production.