FIG. 4.

JHMV-induced demyelination and axonal damage. Toluidine blue stained spinal cord sections from (A) control (day 0, D0) and (B) day 28 (D28) postinfection. Demyelination is spread throughout ventral funiculus and lateral white matter columns with notable loss of toluidine blue staining. Electron microscopy reveals extensive loss of myelin sheath at (D) day 28 p.i. compared with (C) noninfected control mice in which thick myelin sheaths are present. Boxed areas in (A, B) indicate regions analyzed for electron microscopic analysis. Focal axonal degeneration occurs in the ventral side of JHMV-infected Thy1-YFP mouse (F) spinal cords when compared with control (E) spinal cords at day 7. 2-Photon time-lapse images (times marked in min:sec) depicting absence of FAD in a noninfected Thy1-YFP spinal cord, scale bars in (E) = 20 μm (21).