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. 2018 Jul 21;16:1–13. doi: 10.1016/j.jot.2018.06.006

Table 1.

Different fracture sites using different internal fixation methods [7], [30].

Fracture sites Internal fixators
Head Skull fracture Wires, pins and plates
Craniofacial fracture Wires, screws and plates
Trunk Clavicle fracture Intramedullary nail and plates
Scapular fracture Screws and plates
Pelvic fracture Screws, plates and external fixators
Spinal fracture Fixation device consists of rods, pedicle screws and plates
Upper limb fracture Humeral fracture Open reduction with plate and screws/close reduction with intramedullary nail
Radius, ulnar fracture Open reduction with plate and screws/close reduction with intramedullary nail
Metacarpal and phalangeal fracture Close reduction with external fixators, open reduction with intramedullary nail, screws and plates
Lower limb fracture Femoral fracture Open reduction with plate and screws/close reduction with intramedullary nail
Tibial and fibular fracture Open reduction with plate and screws and intramedullary nail
Metatarsus fracture Open reduction with plate and screws and intramedullary nail
Calcaneal fracture Close reduction and fixation with screws or wires