The effects of a high dose IV ketamine (40 mg/kg/2 h) on pERK protein levels in the mPFC, amygdala, and hippocampus of rats. A: IV ketamine increased pERK levels in the mPFC. B: IV ketamine had no effect on pERK levels in the amygdala, C: IV ketamine increased pERK levels in dorsal hippocampus. NF/SAL: No fear conditioning & IV saline infusion, NF/KET: No fear conditioning & IV ketamine infusion, F/SAL: Fear conditioning & IV saline infusion, F/KET: Fear conditioning & IV ketamine infusion. Data shown as mean ± SEM. A two-way ANOVA main effect of ketamine (#p < 0.05).