Table 3.
Procedure-related long-term outcomes of endoscopic sphincterotomy and open choledochotomy
| Long-term outcome measure |
Before matching |
After matching |
|||||
| EST (n = 168) | OCT (n = 134) | P-value | EST (n = 88) | OCT (n = 88) | P-value | ||
| Recurrent bile duct stones, n (%) | 29 (17.3) | 32 (23.9) | 0.155 | 18 (20.5) | 15 (17.0) | 0.562 | |
| With AC | 4 (2.4) | 12 (8.9) | 0.036a | 2 (2.4) | 6 (8.9) | 0.054 | |
| Without AC | 25 (14.9) | 20 (14.9) | 16 (14.9) | 9 (14.9) | |||
| Time to initial recurrence, mean ± SD, yr | 2.8 ± 2.0 | 3.5 ± 2.2 | 0.183 | 3.0 ± 2.2 | 3.9 ± 2.7 | 0.321 | |
| Times of recurrence ≥ 2, n (%) | 6 (3.6) | 11 (8.2) | 0.082 | 3 (3.4) | 4 (4.5) | 0.700 | |
| Reintervention rate, n (%) | 24 (14.3) | 29 (21.6) | 0.095 | 15 (17.0) | 14 (15.9) | 0.839 | |
| Reintervention method, n (%) | 0.002b | 0.032a | |||||
| EST | 23 (13.7) | 115 (11.2) | 14 (15.9) | 17 (7.9) | |||
| OCT | 1 (0.6) | 13 (9.7) | 1 (1.1) | 6 (6.8) | |||
| LCBDE | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 0 | 1 (1.1) | |||
| Mortality, n (%) | 14 (8.3) | 11 (8.2) | 0.969 | 10 (11.4) | 9 (10.2) | 0.808 | |
| Procedure-related | 0 | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | - | |
| Cholangiocarcinoma | 0 | 2 (1.5) | 0.112 | 0 | 1 (1.1) | 0.316 | |
| Cardiopulmonary complication | 8 (4.8) | 4 (3.0) | 0.432 | 7 (7.9) | 4 (4.5) | 0.350 | |
| Unknown etiology | 6 (3.6) | 5 (3.7) | 0.941 | 3 (3.4) | 4 (4.5) | 0.700 | |
1
In the open choledochotomy group, 15 reinterventions for endoscopic sphincterotomy were required due to purely recurrent common bile duct stones (CBDS) (n = 8), recurrent CBDS with acute cholangitis (n = 6), or recurrent CBDS with cholangiocarcinoma (n = 1).
a
P < 0.05.
b
P < 0.01.
EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy; OCT: Open choledochotomy; AC: Acute cholangitis; LCBDE: Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration; SD: Standard deviation; IQR: Interquartile range.