Table 2.
Effect of oral administration of OE on urinalysis parameters in male and female rats
| Tests | Result | Grade | Male | Female | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G1 | G2 | G3 | G4 | G1 | G2 | G3 | G4 | |||
| GLU | – | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| BIL | – | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| KET | – | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| +/− | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| SG | ≤1.005 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1.010 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| 1.015 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | |
| 1.020 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 1.025 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| ≥1.030 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| pH | 6.5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 7.0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 7.5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | |
| 8.0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| 8.5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | |
| PRO | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| +/− | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |
| 1+ | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |
| URO | 0.2 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| NIT | – | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| BLO | – | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| LEU | – | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| +/− | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |
| 1+ | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |
| Clarity | – | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Color-Yellow | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | ||
G1: negative control; G2: 500 mg/kg OE treated group; G3: 1000 mg/kg OE treated group; G4: 2000 mg/kg OE treated group. GLU: glucose (mg/dL); BIL: bilirubin (mg/dL); KET: ketone bodies (mg/dL); SG: specific gravity; PRO: protein (mg/dL); URO: urobilinogen (mg/dL); NIT: nitrites (mg/dL); BLO: Occult blood: LEU: leukocytes (Leu/dL). Results were analyzed using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test but there were no significance differences among the groups