Table 3.
Gait parameters evaluated in the three stages with the G-sensor Ⓡ. Statistical results of the comparisons established. L (Left) and R (Right) sides
| Gait parameters in G-Walk protocol | Statistical results of intervention | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Parameter | Units | * | Avg. ± SD | Avg. ± SD | Avg. ± SD | p-value | p-value | p-value |
| Stage 1 (S1) | Stage 2 (S2) | Stage 3 (S3) | S1/S3 | S1/S2 | S2/S3 | ||||
| Spatio-temporal parameters | Cadence | step/min | ✓ | 102.5 ± 41.4 | 42.7 ± 11.2 | 89.5 ± 31.9 | 0.203 | 0.015* | 0.015* |
| Speed | m/s | ✓ | 1.21 ± 0.47 | 0.32 ± 0.10 | 1.06 ± 0.33 | 0.148 | 0.007* | 0.015* | |
| Stride length | m | ✓ | 1.46 ± 0.24 | 0.94 ± 0.29 | 1.46 ± 0.22 | 0.984 | 0.015* | 0.015* | |
| % Stride length | %height | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Gait cycle dur. (L/R) | s | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Step length (L/R) | %stride | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Stance phase (L/R) | %cycle | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Swing phase (L/R) | %cycle | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Single support (L/R) | %cycle | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Double support (L/R) | %cycle | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Pelvic angles | Tilt sym. index | % | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Obliquity sym. index | % | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Rotation sym. index | % | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Right tilt range | deg (°) | ✓ | 3.54 ± 2.38 | 0.88 ± 0.74 | 3.37 ± 1.81 | 0.781 | 0.007* | 0.023* | |
| Left tilt range | deg (°) | ✓ | 3.78 ± 2.46 | 0.93 ± 0.77 | 3.45 ± 1.92 | 0.656 | 0.023* | 0.039* | |
| Right obliquity range | deg (°) | ✓ | 2.93 ± 2.24 | 0.41 ± 0.37 | 3.43 ± 2.32 | 0.156 | 0.015* | 0.015* | |
| Left obliquity range | deg (°) | ✓ | 3.71 ± 2.04 | 0.46 ± 0.51 | 3.24 ± 2.36 | 0.843 | 0.015* | 0.015* | |
| Right rotation range | deg (°) | ✓ | 11.1 ± 6.41 | 2.38 ± 1.33 | 10.3 ± 4.65 | 0.734 | 0.015* | 0.007* | |
| Left rotation range | deg (°) | ✓ | 9.96 ± 5.81 | 2.16 ± 1.44 | 10.2 ± 4.13 | 0.496 | 0.015* | 0.007* | |
| General gait cycle parameters | General sym. index | % | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Right propulsion | m/s2 | ✓ | 8.41 ± 2.79 | 4.37 ± 2.33 | 8.42 ± 2.30 | 0.941 | 0.023* | 0.023* | |
| Left propulsion | m/s2 | ✓ | 7.47 ± 2.99 | 3.91 ± 1.75 | 8.18 ± 2.19 | 0.945 | 0.031* | 0.015* | |
*Significant difference shown when comparing the stages of the study