Fig. 3.

In vivo therapeutic effect. a Schedule diagram showing therapeutic effect assessment. All mice were adapted for 21 days. Sitagliptin was given daily via oral administration for 28 days (blue arrow region) while NL@Cas9-RNP particles were injected intravenously by a single administration (red arrow). b NL@Cas9-RNP with NIR dye was monitored to assess bio-distribution at different times by optical imaging. Only dye-conjugated Cas9 protein injection data are presented in Additional file 1: Figure S8. c Expression levels of DPP-4 mRNA (left) and protein (right) in extracted liver tissue were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. d Serum concentration of GLP-1 from treated mice was examined quantitatively using an assay kit. (n = 3, *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01)