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. 2019 Jan 13;2019:9671206. doi: 10.1155/2019/9671206

Table 2.

Organ MSC source MSC pretreatment Scaffold type Immunomodulatory Reference
Cartilage Rabbit bone marrow-derive IFN-g Hydrogel scaffold The hydrogel structure helps to reduce the immune response of MSCs after vaccination, even in the presence of inflammation cytokines. [125]
Human bone marrow-derived IFN-g TNF-a Alginate/hydrogel scaffold MSCs under 3D hydrogel have low immunogenicity and can exert an immunosuppressive effect on HLA-mismatched PBMCs. And it has an inhibitory effect in NK cell-mediated cytolysis. [123]
Human bone marrow-derived Overexpression of IL-1 receptor antagonist in MSCs induced by lentivirus Woven PCL scaffold Enhancement of collagen/GAG production in scaffolds expressing IL-1Ra under inflammatory conditions
MMP was reduced in the construct compared to the untreated group, and the level of PGE2 was elevated.
[124]
Rat bone marrow-derived No Hydrogel-sponge concentration The production of NO, PGE2, HGF, and IDO increased gradually in 2D culture, and the immunoregulatory factor secreted by MSC in the 3D group reduced the activation ability of allogeneic lymphocytes. [126]
Pig bone marrow-derived No Cylindrical unwoven PGA fiber The cytokines IL-10 and TGF-b were increased in the construction group, and the ability of FBGC recruitment was decreased. [70]
Human umbilical cord-derived No Decellularized pig ECM scaffold Molecular IDO, PEG2, TGF-b1, IL-10, VEGF, and HGF increased in the scaffold concentration group. [127]
Rat bone marrow-derived TNF-a Freeze-dried collagen scaffolds The scaffold construct group exhibited an immunosuppressive potential with a significant increase in iNos. And an upward trend was also observed for Cox and TGF-b. [122]

Bone mice bone marrow-derived No Transglutaminase glutathionase-crosslinked gelatin (TG-gel) Cytokines and gene profiles of TNF-a and IL-10 in the scaffold construct showed elevated cincentractions in the test group. [129]
Human bone marrow-derived No 3D instantaneously solidifying material (acBSP) The scaffold construct synergizes with macrophage to promote cytokine expression of IL-11, IL-17, IL-4, and IL-6 and low expression of IL-1b and TNF-a. [130]
Human bone marrow-derived No MSC loaded on hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate After implantation of the scaffold construct, histologically, no lymphocytic infiltration occurred. And new bone was formed throughout the implant. [131]
Human bone marrow-derived IFN-g ECM The scaffold construct can induce bone regeneration and inhibit xenografting of mouse T cells in the transplanted area. [31]

liver Mice bone marrow-derived No MSC transplantation In the experiment group, TNF-a, IFN-g, IL-2, IL-17, IL-1b, and MPO secretion was decreased, and IL-10 was reversed. Expression of CXCL1, CCL2, CCL4, CCL7, and CXCL10 was inhibited. [135]
Rat bone marrow-derived No MSC transplantation The expression of TNF-a, IL-1b, CXCL1, and CXCL2 was decreased, and the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased. [136]
Human umbilical cord-derived No 3D spheroid PGE2 secreted by the 3D group was significantly increased, and IFN-g was decreased. [137]

Heart Mice bone marrow-derived No Decellularized ECM MSC vaccination results in positive immunomodulatory effect but a persistent chronic inflammatory response. [149]
Rat bone marrow-derived No 3D hydrogel Compared with the control group, the scaffold construct played a role in inhibiting leukocyte and promoting repair in the late stage of inflammation. [150]
Human bone marrow-derived Simulated inflammatory environment 3D collagen scaffold The immunosuppressive function of MSCs is retained in the 3D scaffold and promotes the activation of M2 macrophage. Single-layer cocultures with IL-10 levels lower than MSCs [151]
Rat bone marrow-derived No PCL For the infiltration of CD68(+) macrophage in the absence of the scaffold construct, and the control group had a higher number of CD68(+) [152]