Table 2.
Association between depression and clinical/sociodemographic characteristics.
| Variable | No – Minimal Depression (%) | Mild – Moderate Depression (%) | Total | p-value |
| (n = 246) | (n = 107) | (N = 353) | ||
|
| ||||
| Age group (years) | ||||
| Less than 20 | 30 (66.7) | 15 (33.3) | 45 | |
| 21 to 40 | 35 (66.0) | 18 (34.0) | 53 | |
| 41 to 60 | 109 (69.9) | 47 (30.1) | 156 | |
| 61 and above | 72 (72.7) | 27 (27.3) | 99 | 0.810 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 88 (71.0) | 36 (29.0) | 124 | |
| Female | 158 (69.0) | 71 (31.0) | 226 | 0.700 |
| Marital Status | ||||
| Single | 48 (67.6) | 23 (32.4) | 71 | |
| Married | 157 (70.7) | 65 (29.3) | 222 | |
| Divorced | 6 (54.5) | 5 (45.5) | 11 | |
| Widow | 35 (71.4) | 14 (28.6) | 49 | 0.677 |
| Education Level | ||||
| No formal education | 28 (60.9) | 18 (39.1) | 46 | |
| Primary School | 123 (70.7) | 51 (29.3) | 174 | |
| Secondary School | 64 (71.1) | 26 (28.9) | 90 | |
| College/University | 31 (72.1) | 12 (27.9) | 43 | 0.577 |
| Occupation | ||||
| Employed | 99 (74.4) | 34 (25.6) | 133 | |
| Unemployed | 96 (63.2) | 56 (36.8) | 152 | |
| Retired | 51 (75.0) | 17 (25.0) | 68 | 0.067 |
| Current Alcohol Intake | ||||
| Yes | 14 (77.8) | 4 (22.2) | 18 | |
| No | 232 (69.3) | 103 (30.7) | 335 | 0.601 |
| Current Cigarette Smoking | ||||
| Yes | 2 (28.6) | 5 (71.4) | 7 | |
| No | 244 (70.5) | 102 (29.5) | 346 | 0.029 |
| Type of DM | ||||
| Type 1 | 46 (63.9) | 26 (36.1) | 72 | |
| Type 2 | 200 (71.2) | 81 (28.8) | 281 | 0.251 |
| Duration since DM (years) | ||||
| 1 – 10 years | 160 (70.8) | 66 (29.2) | 226 | |
| > 10 years | 86 (67.7) | 41 (32.3) | 127 | 0.549 |
| On Insulin Therapy | ||||
| Yes | 96 (63.2) | 56 (36.8) | 152 | |
| No | 150 (74.6) | 51 (25.4) | 201 | 0.026 |
| On OHA Therapy | ||||
| Yes | 175 (68.9) | 79 (31.1) | 254 | |
| No | 71 (71.7) | 28 (28.3) | 99 | 0.699 |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | ||||
| Underweight | 13 (56.5) | 10 (43.5) | 23 | |
| Normal | 99 (68.3) | 46 (31.7) | 145 | |
| Overweight | 72 (68.6) | 33 (31.4) | 105 | |
| Obese | 62 (77.5) | 18 (22.5) | 80 | 0.222 |
| Hypertension | 120 (72.3) | 46 (27.7) | 166 | 0.354 |