Table 1.
Patients’ characteristics according to AKI in 48 hours postoperatively
| Characteristics | No AKI (n=115) | AKI (n=35) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperative | |||
| Female, n (%) | 33 (28.7) | 9 (25.7) | 0.83 |
| Age (years) | 65 (59–75) | 70 (65–77) | 0.015 |
| Height (cm) | 178 (172–180) | 167 (161–170) | 0.18 |
| Weight (kg) | 82 (74–90) | 81 (75–92) | 0.37 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 104 (98–108) | 109 (104–116) | 0.58 |
| AMI in medical history, n (%) | 25 (21.7) | 6 (17.1) | 0.64 |
| Pacemaker/ICD, n (%) | 13 (11.3) | 3 (8.6) | 0.76 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 90 (78.3) | 25 (71.4) | 0.49 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 24 (20.9) | 4 (11.4) | 0.32 |
| Renal impairment, n (%) | 7 (6.1) | 1 (2.9) | 0.68 |
| COPD, n (%) | 5 (4.3) | 2 (5.7) | 0.66 |
| Peripheral artery disease, n (%) | 32 (27.8) | 11 (31.4) | 0.67 |
| EuroScore II | 1.63 (0.89–2.77) | 1.78 (1.15–3.50) | 0.05 |
| Stroke/TIA, n (%) | 6 (5.2) | 7 (20.0) | 0.013 |
| Intraoperative | |||
| CABG, n (%) | 67 (58.3) | 19 (54.3) | 0.7 |
| Valve surgery, n (%) | 61 (53.0) | 19 (54.3) | 0.999 |
| CABG/valve in combination, n (%) | 12 (10.4) | 3 (8.5) | 0.999 |
| Aortic surgery, n (%) | 10 (8.7) | 5 (14.3) | 0.34 |
| Cardiac re-operation, n (%) | 12 (10.4) | 3 (8.6) | 0.999 |
| DHCA, n (%) | 8 (7.0) | 3 (8.6) | 0.71 |
| Operation time (minutes) | 229 (193–260) | 212 (204–345) | 0.013 |
| CPB time (minutes) | 109 (88–127) | 110 (66–270) | 0.04 |
| Postoperative | |||
| Mechanical ventilation (h) | 12 (10–15) | 14 (11–23) | 0.006 |
| Length of stay in ICU (h) | 23 (21–44) | 55 (22–96) | 0.001 |
| Resuscitation, n (%) | 3 (2.6) | 2 (5.7) | 0.33 |
| Mortality, n (%) | 0 (0) | 5 (14.3) | 0.001 |
| SSI, n (%) | 2 (1.7) | 0 (0) | 0.999 |
| AMI postoperative, n (%) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (2.9) | 0.41 |
| Hemodynamic instability, n (%) | 8 (7.0) | 9 (25.7) | 0.005 |
| Noradrenalin dose (mg) | 2.25 (0.94–5.58) | 5.76 (2.37–18.7) | <0.001 |
| Rethoracotomy, n (%) | 5 (4.3) | 3 (8.6) | 0.39 |
| Respiratory failure, n (%) | 5 (4.3) | 4 (11.4) | 0.21 |
| Transfusions, n (%) | 35 (30.4) | 22 (62.9) | 0.001 |
| Arrhythmia, n (%) | 33 (28.7) | 15 (42.9) | 0.14 |
| Delirium, n (%) | 6 (5.2) | 2 (5.7) | 0.999 |
Notes: Data is presented as median (IQR25, IQR75). The bold values are statistically significant.
Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; DHCA, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; ICU, intensive care unit; SSI, surgical site infection; TIA, transient ischemic attack.