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. 2019 Jan 10;3(Suppl 3):e001087. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001087

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Synthesis of study identification in review of the effects of user charges on health in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). *Other sources include WHO Library Database, World Bank e-Library and manually searched references of the included papers. QE, quasi-experimental; RCT, randomised controlled trial.