TABLE 3.
Any tobacco use by organizational and worker characteristics—2015
| Construction workersa |
Non-construction workers |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any tobacco use |
Any tobacco use |
Construction workers compared with non-construction workers |
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| Characteristics | NX1000 (%) | P | 95%CI | PORb | 95%CI | NX1000 (%) | P | 95%CI | PORb | 95%CI | PORc | 95%CI |
| Worker class | ||||||||||||
| Private company | 7421 (75.5) | 34.4 | 30.2–38.7 | 1.0 | - | 114 198 (75.5) | 22.2 | 21.3–23.2 | 1.0 | - | 1.7d | 1.4–2.0 |
| Government | 246 (2.5) | 23.0 | 8.4–37.6 | 0.9 | 0.4–2.3 | 24 442 (16.2) | 13.7 | 12.1–15.2 | 0.6 | 0.5–0.8 | 1.7 | 0.8–3.9 |
| Self employed | 2149 (21.9) | 30.0 | 23.1–36.9 | 0.2 | 0.1–2.9 | 12 246 (8.1) | 16.2 | 13.7–18.7 | 0.6 | 0.2–1.8 | - | - |
| Work arrangement | ||||||||||||
| Standard | 5680 (62.9) | 33.7 | 28.9–38.6 | 1.0 | - | 115 411 (84.0) | 20.3 | 19.4–21.2 | 1.0 | - | 1.6d | 1.3–2.1 |
| Independent | 2079 (23.0) | 30.5 | 23.9–37.2 | 1.2 | 0.6–2.2 | 12 500 (9.1) | 17.5 | 14.9–20.1 | 0.9 | 0.7–1.3 | 2.5d | 1.4–4.5 |
| Temp | 749 (8.3) | 38.3 | 24.5–52.0 | 1.4 | 0.7–2.8 | 3391 (2.5) | 30.3 | 24.3–36.5 | 1.6 | 0.9–2.6 | 1.4 | 0.7–2.9 |
| Other | 522 (5.8) | - | - | 6044 (4.4) | 17.1 | 13.7–20.4 | 0.7 | 0.4–0.9 | - | - | ||
| Size of establishment | ||||||||||||
| <50 employees | 7368 (77.1) | 34.4 | 30.2–38.6 | 1.4 | 0.7–3.0 | 75 682 (51.4) | 21.8 | 20.5–23.0 | 1.2 | 1.0–1.4 | 1.9d | 1.4–2.4 |
| 50–250 employees | 1371 (14.3) | 29.2 | 20.7–37.7 | 1.1 | 0.5–2.8 | 34 315 (23.3) | 21.1 | 18.5–22.8 | 1.2 | 1.0–1.4 | 1.2 | 0.8–1.9 |
| ≥250 employees | 819 (8.6) | 28.3 | 15.4–41.2 | 1.0 | - | 37 137 (25.2) | 17.3 | 15.8–18.8 | 1.0 | - | 1.4 | 0.7–2.9 |
| Number of years on the job | ||||||||||||
| ≤5 years | 3224 (40.4) | 38.1 | 33.1–43.1 | 1.3 | 0.8–2.2 | 84 580 (46.2) | 23.5 | 22.5–24.5 | 1.3d | 1.1–1.5 | 1.9d | 1.3–2.6 |
| >5 years | 4764 (59.6) | 28.1 | 23.4–32.9 | 1.0 | - | 66 272 (53.8) | 16.3 | 15.1–17.5 | 1.0 | - | 1.6d | 1.4–2.5 |
| Second hand smoke exposuree | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 4444 (49.4) | 44.5 | 38.7–50.4 | 3.0d | 1.9–4.7 | 30 004 (21.9) | 34.9 | 32.9–36.9 | 2.8d | 2.4–3.2 | 1.2 | 0.9–1.7 |
| No | 4561 (50.6) | 21.0 | 16.6–25.4 | 1.0 | - | 107 248 (78.1) | 16.0 | 15.1–16.8 | 1.0 | - | 1.3d | 1.0–1.8 |
| Work-family imbalancef | ||||||||||||
| Agree/strongly agree | 2181 (24.2) | 33.9 | 26.8–40.9a | 1.1 | 0.7–1.9 | 35 009 (25.5) | 21.8 | 20.2–23.5 | 1.1 | 1.0–1.3 | 1.5d | 1.0–2.3 |
| Disagree/strongly disagree | 6815 (75.8) | 32.3 | 27.9–36.7 | 1.0 | - | 102 076 (74.5) | 19.6 | 18.6–20.4 | 1.0 | - | 1.7d | 1.4–2.2 |
| Job insecurityg | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 1074 (11.9) | 37.7 | 26.6–48.9 | 1.4 | 0.6–3.1 | 15 004 (10.9) | 22.0 | 19.8–24.3 | 1.1 | 1.0–1.3 | 1.8d | 1.0–3.5 |
| No | 7925 (88.1) | 31.7 | 27.7–35.7 | 1.0 | - | 122 126 (89.1) | 19.9 | 19.1–20.8 | 1.0 | - | 1.7d | 1.4–2.1 |
| Work demandh | ||||||||||||
| Agree/strongly agree | 7927 (87.9) | 32.3 | 28.3–36.3 | 0.6 | 0.3–1.3 | 117 195 (85.4) | 20.2 | 19.4–21.1 | 1.0 | 1.0–1.2 | 1.6d | 1.3–2.0 |
| Disagree/strongly disagree | 1089 (12.1) | 35.0 | 23.7–46.3 | 1.0 | - | 19 957 (14.6) | 19.3 | 17.3–21.3 | 1.0 | - | 2.2d | 1.2–4.1 |
| Work place safetyi | ||||||||||||
| Safe | 8294 (92.6) | 31.9 | 28.1–35.7 | 1.0 | - | 131 467 (95.8) | 19.8 | 18.9–20.6 | 1.0 | - | 1.7d | 1.4–2.0 |
| Unsafe | 664 (7.4) | 39.9 | 26.2–53.7 | 0.9 | 0.4–2.1 | 5835 (4.2) | 28.6 | 24.6–32.6 | 1.7d | 1.3–2.1 | 1.0 | 0.5–2.0 |
| Support from supervisorsj | ||||||||||||
| Agree/strongly agree | 6419 (91.4) | 32.4 | 28.0–36.9 | 1.0 | - | 112 951 (90.0) | 20 | 19.1–20.9 | 1.0 | - | 1.7d | 1.4–2.1 |
| Disagree/strongly disagree | 606 (8.6) | 42.7 | 27.5–57.9 | 1.1 | 0.5–2.3 | 12 531 (10.0) | 25.3 | 22.4–28.3 | 1.3d | 1.0–1.6 | 1.8 | 0.9–3.6 |
| Health/safety important to managementk | ||||||||||||
| Agree/strongly agree | 6667 (94.0) | 33.5 | 29.2–37.8 | 1.0 | - | 119 031 (94.5) | 20.1 | 19.2–21.0 | 1.0 | - | 1.7d | 1.4–2.1 |
| Disagree/strongly disagree | 427 (6.0) | 29.7 | 14.4–45.1 | 0.5 | 0.1–1.7 | 6960 (5.5) | 25.6 | 21.9–29.3 | 1.0 | 0.7–1.3 | 1.1 | 0.5–2.5 |
| Health promotionl | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 1686 (23.9) | 32.8 | 22.9–42.7 | 1.0 | - | 60 018 (48.0) | 18.3 | 17.0–19.6 | 1.0 | - | 1.8d | 1.1–2.9 |
| No | 5365 (76.1) | 33.4 | 28.4–38.3 | 0.9 | 0.4–1.6 | 64 945 (52.0) | 22.6 | 21.3–23.8 | 1.0 | 0.9–1.2 | 1.6d | 1.3–2.0 |
| Health promotion participation (yes) | ||||||||||||
| Participates | 920 (54.8) | 27.3 | 14.6–40.1 | 1.0 | - | 32 267 (53.8) | 16.6 | 15.0–18.2 | 1.0 | - | 1.5 | 0.8–2.9 |
| Do not participate | 766 (45.4) | 39.4 | 24.4–54.2 | 1.8 | 0.7–4.9 | 27 751 (46.2) | 20.3 | 18.4–22.2 | 1.2d | 1.0–1.4 | 2.3d | 1.2–4.5 |
P, prevalence. Totals may not add up due to rounding, unknown and missing values; Non-construction workers include all other workers (n = _150 875 491).
Weighted to provide national annual average estimates for currently employment construction workers.
Prevalence odds ratio; adjusted for age, work-family imbalance, job insecurity, work demand, workplace safety, job support, years on the job, establishment size, work arrangement, worker class, POR is defined as the odds of using tobacco products within construction and odds of using tobacco within non construction separately, compared with the referent group as noted in table.
Prevalence odds ratio; adjusted for age, work-family imbalance, job insecurity, work demand, workplace safety, job support, years on the job, establishment size, work arrangement, worker class, Reference group includes non-construction workers. POR is defined as the odds of using tobacco products among construction workers compared with the odds among non-construction workers.
Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05).
Responded “yes” to the question “in past 12 months, while at work, how often were you exposed to tobacco smoke from other people?”
Responded strongly agree/agree or disagree/strongly disagree to the question, “Does your Job interfere with personal or family life/”
Responded yes/no to the question, to worried about losing job?
Responded strongly agree/agree or disagree/strongly disagree to the question, “Do you have enough time to get the job done?”
Responded very unsafe/unsafe or safe/very safe to the question, “How safe do you think your workplace is?”
Responded strongly agree/agree or disagree/strongly disagree to the question, “Can you count on your supervisor or manager for support when you need it?”
Responded strongly agree/ agree, or disagree/strongly disagree to the question, “Is health and safety of workers is a high priority with management at work?”
Responded “yes” to the question, “In the past year, were health promotion programs made available to you by your employer? Examples of health promotion?” programs include education about weight management, smoking cessation, screening for high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or other health risks, and onsite fitness facilities or discounted gym memberships.