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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Ind Med. 2018 Sep 19;61(11):939–951. doi: 10.1002/ajim.22907

TABLE 5.

Proportion of construction industry workers exposed to second hand smoke, by tobacco use status and occupation—2015

Second hand smoke exposure
Combustibleb tobacco product
Non-combustiblec tobacco product
Any tobacco product
Overall second hand smoke exposurea
Users
Non users
Users
Non users
Users
Non users
Construction occupations % (95%CI) % (95%CI) % (95%CI) % (95%CI) % (95%CI) % (95%CI) % (95%C1)
Management 39.3 (28.6–50.1) 65.4 (45.2–85.5) 30.4 (19.241.6) 56.4 (18.6–94.2) 38.6 (27.1–50.1) 63.7 (45.2–82.1) 29.1(17.4–40.7)
Office & administrative support 28.0 (10245.8) - - - 28.6 (10.047.1) - -
Supervisors, construction, & extraction 62.8 (482–77.3) 74.7 (56.8–92.7) 58.8 (41.3–76.4) - 56.4 (39.7–73.2) 81.1 (67.7–94.6) 53.6 (342–73.0)
Construction trade 53.4 (48.5–58.3) 72.1 (64.1–80.2) 45.6 (39.8–5L5) 51.3 (29.9–73.3) 53.8 (48.4–59.1) 69.5 (61.7–77.3) 45.3 (39.3–51.3)
Installation, maintenance, & repair 44.1 (26.7–61.4) 74.6 (43.1–100.0) 382 (19.7–56.6) 64.3 (27.3–100.0) 382 (17.9–58.5) 72.1 (46.3–97.9) -
Production, transportation, warehousing 55.6 (35.7–75.6) 60.9 (28.493.3) 53.0 (29.3–76.8) - 58.4 (36.8–80.1) 59.3 (29.2–89.5) 53.5 (28.7–78.3)
All other construction workers 39.1 (23.6–54.5) 76.6 (55.6–97.7) 26.9 (11.5–42.3) - 432 (26.7–59.6) 59.5 (26.0–93.0) 28.5 (12.4–44.7)
Total 49.4 (45.6–53.1) 70.0 (63.3–76.7) 41.6 (37.246.0) 55.6 (39.7–71.6) 49.1 (44.9–53.3) 67.4 (61.0–73.8) 40.6 (35945.3)
a

Responded “yes” to the question “In the past 12 months, while at work, how often were you exposed to tobacco smoke from other people?” (n = 4 444 213).

b

Combustible tobacco product users were defined as persons who reported smoking cigarette and/or smoking cigars, cigarillos, or little filtered cigars or smoking tobacco in a regular pipe, water pipe, or hookah at least once during their lifetime and who currently use every day or some days.

c

Non-combustible tobacco product users were defined as persons who reported using chewing tobacco, snuff, dip, snus, or dissolvable tobacco at least once during their lifetime and who currently use every day or some days.