a, A schematic of time-course sleep-deprivation. b, Volcano plots of SD1/SD0, SD3/SD0, SD6/SD0 phosphoproteome comparisons. Multiple unpaired t-test (p-value) following FDR (q-value) analysis. c, Temporal profile and classification of phospho-state changes of SNIPPs. d, Circadian analysis of absolute NREMS delta power of Vehicle (Veh) or MK801 (MK)-injected mice (n = 14). Mean ± s.e.m., two-way ANOVA, Sidak’s. *(black) P < 0.05; *(cyan) P < 0.01; *(red) P < 0.001. e, Global ∆Ps analysis of MK/Veh group. f, Time-dependent cumulative phosphorylation of 13 SWA-SNIPPs shared by Sleepy, SD and MK models. Synaptic proteins (bold).