Table 1.

Reference	Intervention & Web-elements	Design/analysis	Sample & age	Measures	Findings
44	Intervention: Online interactive education tool on hypertension.	RCT; Intervention vs. control T-test	n=22; 45+	Hypertension knowledge scores (KS); demographics	Significant increase in KS for the intervention group
	Web-elements: Instructional module; short quiz before moving to next section; 5 key audio visual
45	Intervention: Online health education and social learning.	RCT Content analysis & coding	n=245	Qualitative	Participants shared their current health behaviors and discussed specific health problems and concerns. Many recognized opportunities for improvement and identified motivators to improve health behaviors. They also offered supportive comments to others and shared helpful and practical information.
	Web-elements: Instructional modules; discussion board; virtual chats; video-conferencing				More than half of the participants (n=65, 74.4%) reported that the discussion board enhanced their learning experiences.
46	Intervention: e-therapy group online education	quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with control group design ANCOVA; Repeated measure ANOVA	n=29	Global Fatigue Index	Lower Global Fatigue Index scores at 18th week, higher overall activity levels at 12th week, and better physical functioning at 12th and 18th week; significant gains in knowledge of fatigue management, and diminished fatigue impact on daily activities; e-therapy participants remained stable with respect to fatigue symptoms, overall activity levels and quality of life; while the control group experienced significant increases in fatigue severity and impacts, and significant decreases in activity levels, vitality, and mental health.
	Web-elements: Instructional modules; tracking entry
47	Intervention: Internet diabetes self-management program using behavioral and motivational strategies and cues to modify perceptions of self-efficacy; goal setting and problem solving.	RCT; Intervention vs. control MANCOVA	N=62, 60+	HbA1c testing kit, a blood pressure device with various-size cuffs, and a calibrated scale (Tanita Corp). Total and HDL cholesterol values- Cholestech LDX analyzer; Self-Administered Comorbidity Questionnaire; demographics	Significant reductions in HbA1c, weight, and cholesterol level and significant improvement in HDL levels in the intervention versus the control group.
	Web-Elements: Instructional module; nurse email & instant messaging support; tracking entry; weekly participant discussion boards; email reminders; resource library
48	Intervention: Online intervention 6-weeks; self- care modules; prompts and emails.	RCT; intervention, waitlist comparison ANCOVA	N=78; 55+	Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL-14); Pain-Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI); Short Depression Scale (CES-D 10); Anxiety-6-item State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-6); Self-efficacy -Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSLQ); self-awareness -Pain Awareness Questionnaire (PAQ); satisfaction survey	Differences in awareness of responses to pain, improvements in pain intensity and pain interference for both groups, and increases in confidence with using nonmedical self-care techniques to manage pain for the intervention group; Reductions in mean pain scores reported by the intervention group at log on and log off
	Web-Elements: Instructional modules; email reminders; nurse telephone support
49	Intervention: Web-based program for heart failure	Quasi-experimental- 2 group Repeated measure ANOVA	n=80; 60+	12-item short form (SF-12) health survey; 4-item Perceived Control (PC) Attitude Scale; demographics; computer usage	Between-group differences over time were statistically significant in the QOL mental health component and PC scores.
	Web-elements: Instructional module; electronic news letters; resource library
50	Intervention: Internet-based health maintenance, goal setting, problem solving, tracking, communication, and education sessions.	RCT; Intervention vs. control MANOVA/ANCOVA	N=62, 60+	Studies Depression Scale (CES-D); Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (PAID); Diabetes Support Scale; Diabetes Empowerment Scale (DES)	Significant improvement on measures of depression, quality of life, social support, and self-efficacy when controlling for all baseline outcome variables
	Web-Elements: Instructional module; nurse email & instant messaging support; tracking entry; weekly participant discussion boards; email reminders; resource library
51	Intervention: Internet-based CBT for depression	RCT; internet based, CBT, and waitlist control ANOVA	n=301	10-item Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS); frequency of depressive symptoms-21 -item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); WHO CIDI to map DSM and ICD-9 symptoms	Significant difference between the waiting list condition and the two treatment conditions; significant difference between both treatment conditions; significant proportion of participants made a change from moderate to serious symptoms at baseline to minimal to light symptoms post-treatment
	Instructional modules; videos; text based CBT exercises				Internet treatment was less often completed
52	Intervention: Online physical activity self-management newsletters.	RCT, Tailored Intervention vs. non-tailored ANOVA	N=21, 50-69	PA-self-report (Modified 7-day Activity Recall); Cardiorespiratory fitness- Rockport Fitness; body composition-Biodynamics Model 310e Body composition Analyszer; height, weight, flexibility-modified sit-and reach test; 29 item Benefits Scale; 14-item Barriers Scale of the exercise benefits/barriers scales; 12 item self-efficacy for exercise habit scale	Significant time effects in flexibility and cardio respiratory; significant effects perceived barriers; self-efficacy increased; only 50 % of participants read newsletter online; 83% printed it out; no change in PA self-report
	Web-Elements: Internet-based electronic newsletters
53	Intervention: Internet-based CBT.	Mixed-Method quasi-experimentalrepeated measures Multivariate analysis & T-tests	N=15	Loneliness scale developed by de Jong Gierveld and Kamphuis (1985); Qualitative interviews	Both groups experienced a reduction in loneliness over time; significant reductions only intervention participants
	Web-Elements: Instructional module; internet access; computer lessons; home visits
54	Intervention: Web-based weight loss program.	RCT; pilot 2 interventions Repeated measure ANOVA	N=21; 50-69	Block health habit and history questionnaire (HHHQ); energy expenditure-modified 7-dayactivity recall; weight, height, body fat % (TBF-215); blood pressure; cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 max); evaluations; site utilizations	Internet delivery was feasible; 14 lost from 2% to 10% of their body weight, and 2 gained 2% of their weight; Large effect sizes were found over time for body weight, estimated VO2max, and percentage of calories from fat; effect sizes favoring the Web site plus peer-led support group were found for body weight, waist circumference, percent body fat, whole grain servings, and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
	Web-Elements: Instructional module; electronic news letters; resource library
55	Intervention: Hip Fracture prevention website.	RCT; repeated measures, int. vs control t-test, chi-square, linear modeling univariate	N=245	Osteoporosis Knowledge Test (1) 16-item Exercise Scale and (2) 17-item Calcium Scale; Hip Fractures Knowledge Test; the Osteoporosis Self-efficacy Scale (OSE-Calcium); Self-efficacy for Exercise scale; Web-Based Learning Self-efficacy Measure (WBLSFM); 6-item Calcium Benefit subscale of the Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale; 9-item Outcome Expectations for Exercise Scale; calcium intake HHHQ; Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS); Perceived Health Website Usability Questionnaire (PHWUQ)	Both groups showed improvement in most outcomes. For calcium intake, only the intervention group showed improvement. None of the group and time interactions were significant.
	Web-Elements: Instructional modules; a moderated discussion board				Discussion board usage was significantly correlated with outcome gains.

RCT = randomized control trial; ANCOVA = analysis of covariance; MANCOVA = multivariate analysis of covariance; ANOVA = analysis of variance; MANOVA = multivariate analysis of variance; CBT= cognitive behavioral therapy; HDL= high- density lipoproteins; TBF= Target Body Fat; WHO= world health organization; CIDI=composite international diagnostic interview; DSM= diagnostic and statistical manual; ICD= international classification of disease