. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 29.

Published in final edited form as: Med J Nutrition Metab. 2014;7(3):163–172. doi: 10.3233/MNM-140016

Table 2.

Descriptive characteristics of participants by ethnicity and gender represented by mean (SD) or percentages. (N=4,992)

	Female		Male		p value^a
	Black	White	Black	White	p value^a
	19.7%	46.3%	6.7%	27.3%
	n=981	n = 2,312	n = 335	n = 1,364
Age, years	57.7^b (11.6)	62.1^a (12.4)	59.3^b (11.6)	63.0^a (12.5)	<0.001
Body mass index, kg/m²	28.5^b (6.1)	26.5^a (6.1)	26.9^a (4.5)	26.2^a (4.6)	<0.001
Education					<0.001
Grade school/Some high school	4.6%^a	3.5%^a	4.5%^a	2.6%^a
High school or trade school diploma	13.6%^a,b	17.2%^a	12.2%^a,b	13.0%^b
Associate’s degree/Some college	35.6%^a	36.6%^a	25.1%^b	23.8%^b
Bachelor’s degree	22.7%^b	28.0%^a	25.1%^a,b	23.0%^b
Master’s or doctoral degree	23.5%^b	14.7%^a	33.1%^c	37.6%^c
Exercise frequency score^b	4.03^a (2.14)	4.09^a (2.27)	4.37^a,b (2.17)	4.43^b (2.17)	<0.001
Affect score^c
Positive affect	3.7^b (0.7)	3.5^a (0.7)	3.8^b (0.7)	3.5^a (0.7)	<0.001
Negative affect	1.77^a (0.72)	1.77^a (0.72)	1.53^b (0.55)	1.57^b (0.60)	<0.001
Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Subscales^d
Awareness	1.97^b (0.84)	2.23^a (0.83)	2.08^b (0.82)	2.43^c (0.85)	<0.001
Clarity	1.58^b (0.61)	1.65^a (0.61)	1.51^b (0.57)	1.65^a (0.63)	<0.001
Strategies	1.90^b (0.49)	1.96^a (0.48)	1.90^a,b (0.46)	1.89^b (0.45)	<0.001
Mediterranean diet score^e	4.75^b (1.83)	4.31^a,c (1.79)	4.58^b,c (1.76)	4.22^a (1.87)	<0.001

Notes: Values in the same row not sharing the same subscript are significantly different (p < .05) in the two-sided test of equality for column means. Cells with no subscript are not included in the test. Tests are adjusted for all pairwise comparisons within a row of each innermost subtable using the Bonferroni correction.

ANOVA used for continuous variables assuming equal variance in groups; Pearson’s Chi Square used for categorical variable (education).

Exercise frequency scores range from 1 (never exercises) to 8 (exercises at least 6 times weekly).

Positive and Negative Affect Scales range from 1 (very slightly or not at all) to 5 (extremely).

Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Subscale scores range from 1 (almost never) to 5 (almost always) with higher scores suggesting more difficulty with emotion regulation.

Mediterranean Diet score ranges from 0 to 9 with higher scores suggesting greater compliance.