Figure 3.
Regulation of alternative splicing in muscles. Several genes that are alternatively spliced produce different phenotypes in muscle depending on whether the alternative exon is included or skipped. (a). Alternative splicing of exon 11 of Bin1 pre-mRNA contributes to T-tubule formation and maintenance. (b). Skipping of exon 29 in Cav1.1 results in weak voltage sensitivity in adult skeletal muscle. (c). Inclusion of exon 11 of Insr pre-mRNA allows for stronger binding of insulin by the insulin receptor and thus insulin sensitivity. Skipping of exon 11 in adult muscles results in insulin resistance. (d). A switch from the adult to the fetal splicing isoforms of Ppp3ca, Ppp3cb and Ppp3cc leads to higher calcium phosphatase activity. (d). A switch in the splicing isoform of Cltc, Tmed2, Trip10 or Snap23 contributes to muscle homeostasis and T-tubule maintenance.