Table 4. Contraception methods used by sexually active, non-pregnant women with diabetes ages 24–32 in Add Health, Wave IV, 2007–2009 (N=381).
| More effective contraceptiona,b | Less effective contraceptiona,c | No contraceptiona | Pd | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnosis statuse, n (%) | < .001 | |||
| Diagnosed | 98 (43.3) | 51 (22.2) | 64 (34.5) | |
| Undiagnosed | 66 (28.8) | 72 (51.1) | 30 (20.1) | |
| Glycemic control, n (%) | < .001 | |||
| A1C < 6.5% | 65 (41.3) | 31 (18.6) | 44 (40.2) | |
| A1C > 6.5% | 99 (34.7) | 92 (45.4) | 50 (19.9) |
Unweighted n reported with weighted row percentages.
More effective contraceptive methods are tubal ligation/sterilization; vasectomy; IUD (intrauterine device), coil, loop; emergency IUD insertion; Norplant; birth control pills; Patch (Ortho Evra); ring (NuvaRing); and shot (Depo-Provera).
Less effective methods are condoms (rubbers); female condom; diaphragm, cap or shield; natural family planning (safe periods by temperature, cervical mucus test); rhythm or safe period by calendar; emergency contraception or “morning after” pill; withdrawal (pulling out); vaginal sponge; contraceptive film; and spermicide foam, jelly, creme, suppositories.
Rao-Scott design-adjusted F test conducted.
Diagnosis status based on self-report or use of anti-hyperglycemic medications.