Table 2.

Childhood exposures to violence and lifetime perpetration of physical IPV among ever-partnered males (N = 450) ages 18–24, Malawi

	Any lifetime physical IPV perpetration weighted % (n)	OR (95% CI)	P
Childhood exposures to violence
Any childhood sexual abuse
Yes	9.0* (9/66)	1.1 (0.4–2.8)	.87
No	8.3 (36/384)	Referent
Any childhood physical violence
Yes	10.9 (38/305)	3.0 (1.1–8.4)†	.04
No	3.9* (7/145)	Referent
Any childhood emotional violence
Yes	11.9 (19/134)	1.8 (0.8–3.9)	.17
No	7.1 (26/312)	Referent
Ever-witnessed IPV in childhood
Yes	11.6 (20/149)	1.7 (0.8–3.6)	.14
No	7.0 (25/298)	Referent
Witnessed attack in the community
Yes	8.7 (23/175)	1.0 (0.5–2.2)	.90
No	8.3 (22/274)	Referent

OR = odds ratio.

^*Coefficient of variation greater than 0.30, estimate should be interpreted with caution.

^†No other childhood exposures to violence or demographic or social characteristics presented in Table 1 were associated with any childhood physical violence and the outcome (perpetration of physical IPV), thus we did not include an adjusted model.