Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Jan 23;7:4. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00004

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2019 Rahmati and Mozafari.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

A brief explanation of immunologica l responses at the nano-bio interface (Foreign body response (FBR) to nano-biomaterials). The FBR is a combination of both acute and chronic phases of inflammation. The mechanism starts with protein adsorption and desorption (vroman binding) on the surface of nano-biomaterial after its implantation. It continues with thrombin formation by the activation of platelets. After that, monocytes start differentiation into macrophage type “1” which is responsible for acute phase of inflammation. After some days M1 differentiate macrophage type “2” which is in charge for chronic phase of inflammation. T cells and mast cells also express cytokines that increase foreign body giant cell (FBGC) creation. In addition, FBGCs express Fibroblast recruiting factors and consequently by collagen deposition, a capsule starts forming around the nanomaterial.