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. 2019 Jan 23;7:4. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00004

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Copyright © 2019 Rahmati and Mozafari.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) The adsorption of neutravidin as a protein linker onto the CNTs to cause eutravidin-bound CNTs (^NCNTs), and also connection of the biotinylated T-cell stimulatory signals to the surface. (B) Through binding PLGA NPs containing IL-2 and magnetite to ^NCNTs, the authors combined the multivalent demonstration of biological T-cell stimuli with paracrine delivery of IL-2, whereas facilitating the magnetic departure of CNPs from T cells. (C) After magnetic departure from CNPs, the beneficial efficiency of those stimulated T cells in mice protected melanoma cells that stimulate the secretion of B16-OVA. Reproduced from with Fadel et al. (2014) Elsevier permission.