Table 3.
Immune markers as predictor for 180-day mortality.
| CSF | Blood | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alive (24) | Dead (16) | p | Alive (23) | Dead (16) | p | |
| Cell counts | ||||||
| CD16+ neutrophils | 9.9 (2.5–47.8) | 12.8 (2.0–36.8) | 0.912 | 5481.7 (3912.4–7092.1) | 6563.3 (5421.6–8297.8) | 0.209 |
| CD16low neutrophils | 0.5 (0.1–3.0) | 0.8 (0.0–5.6) | 0.890 | 113.8 (86.8–305.6) | 102.1 (42.7–259.3) | 0.332 |
| CD14++CD16− monocytes | 1.4 (0.7–3.5) | 0.6 (0.3–2.4) | 0.151 | 300.5 (182.8–438.8) | 285.7 (179.7–347.9) | 0.511 |
| CD14++CD16+ monocytes | 0.2 (0.1–0.5) | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | 0.619 | 6.8 (2.0–16.3) | 7.5 (2.5–12.1) | 0.886 |
| CD14+CD16++ monocytes | 0.1 (0.0–0.2) | 0.1 (0.0–0.3) | 0.740 | 1.1 (0.5–1.7) | 1.4 (0.5–1.6) | 0.668 |
| CD56− NK cells | 0.9 (0.4–3.6) | 0.4 (0.1–1.8) | 0.122 | 6.5 (2.4–9.2) | 3.6 (2.7–8.9) | 0.568 |
| CD56+ NK cells | 4.8 (2.0–9.7) | 1.2 (0.9–3.6) | 0.020 | 61.2 (35.5–79.8) | 46.4 (28.1–96.7) | 0.627 |
| CD56bright NK cells | 0.7 (0.4-2.0) | 0.4 (0.1–0.6) | 0.040 | 2.0 (1.0–3.4) | 1.2 (0.8–3.2) | 0.361 |
| MAIT cells | 0.3 (0.1–0.9) | 0.2 (0.0–0.4) | 0.082 | 12.0 (9.5–36.1) | 9.6 (6.6–14.7) | 0.077 |
| NKT cells | 0.0 (0.0–0.1) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.246 | 0.4 (0.2–0.8) | 0.4 (0.1–0.5) | 0.511 |
| Vδ2− γδT cells | 0.2 (0.2–0.5) | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | 0.362 | 7.3 (2.4–11.2) | 5.1 (1.9–11.2) | 0.864 |
| Vδ2+ γδT cells | 0.5 (0.2–1.7) | 0.3 (0.1–0.8) | 0.258 | 8.3 (3.0–16.8) | 6.2 (3.4–15.2) | 1 |
| αβT cells | 39.3 (18.5–52.3) | 21.1 (14.4–27.8) | 0.038 | 463.8 (182.2–734.0) | 284.6 (153.8–447.5) | 0.209 |
| Cell activation | ||||||
| CD16+ neutrophils (CD69) | 4.1 (3.4–6.5) | 4.6 (3.5–7.8) | 0.531 | 2.3 (2.0–3.2) | 2.5 (2.2–3.1) | 0.819 |
| CD16low neutrophils (CD69) | 3.2 (2.5–4.0) | 3.4 (2.9–4.2) | 0.600 | 3.0 (1.5–19.9) | 1.8 (1.3–3.5) | 0.493 |
| CD14++CD16− monocytes (HLA-DR) | 21.2 (12.5–28.5) | 21.3 (15.2–38.3) | 0.544 | 9.7 (6.6–12.6) | 7.2 (6.4–8.7) | 0.346 |
| CD14++CD16+ monocytes (HLA-DR) | 23.6 (13.6–36.8) | 26.0 (14.7–34.6) | 0.627 | 17.6 (12.1–27.5) | 14.3 (6.8–25.9) | 0.530 |
| CD14+CD16++ monocytes (HLA-DR) | 15.6 (6.0–26.0) | 6.8 (4.5–10.2) | 0.162 | 8.2 (4.3–15.9) | 5.4 (2.0–13.8) | 0.248 |
| NK cells (CD69) | 9.7 (5.9–17.6) | 12.4 (5.0–15.6) | 0.785 | 2.1 (1.4–3.5) | 2.0 (1.6–3.5) | 0.977 |
| T cells (CD69) | 10.9 (7.0–16.4) | 11.5 (9.5–18.4) | 0.252 | 1.2 (1.1–2.0) | 1.2 (1.1–1.7) | 0.822 |
Presented are CSF and blood cell counts per microliter cell activation as measured by median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of the indicated activation marker. Comparisons are made by Mann-Whitney U for CSF and blood cell counts and activation markers.
Because of the relatively small sample size and skewed distribution, the robust Mann-Whitney U test was chosen. CSF flow cytometry results were missing for one patient and blood flow cytometry results for two patients. One patient was lost to follow-up before day 180.