Table 5.
Summary of meta-analysis results for beneficial/harmful therapies on the outcomes remyelination, oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) count, and oligodendrocyte count.
| Therapy | remyelination | OPCs | Oligodendrocytes | Tested in clinical trial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-Lingo-1-antibodies | Increase (6) | Not tested | Not significant (1) | Yes (II) |
| Apotransferrin | Not significant (1) | Decrease (1) | Increase (2) | No |
| Benztropine | Not significant (1) | Not tested | Increase (1) | No |
| Dizocilipine (MK801, MNDA receptor antagonist) | Decrease (1) | Not significant (1) | Not significant (1) | No |
| Ebselen (glutaminase inhibitor) | Increase (1) | Not tested | Not tested | Yes (II) |
| Electro acupuncture | Increase (1) | Increase (1) | Increase (1) | Yes (II) |
| Electromagnetic field stimulation | Increase (2) | Not tested | Not tested | Yes (II) |
| Epimedium flavonoids (extract of epimedium sagittatum) | Increase (1) | Decrease (1) | Not significant (1) | No |
| Estrogen receptor agonist G1 | Not significant (1) | Not tested | Increase (1) | No |
| Glatiramer Acetate (mixture of synthetic polypeptides) | Increase (2) | Not significant (2) | Not significant (1) | Yes (IV) |
| Iloprost (prostaglandin I2) | Not significant (2) | Increase (1) | Not tested | No |
| Indazol chloride (Estrogen receptor agonist) | Increase (1) | Not tested | Not significant (1) | No |
| Lactacystin (Proteasome inhibitor) | Not significant (1) | Decrease (1) | Not tested | No |
| N6-cyclohexyladenosine (Adenosine A1-receptor agonist) | Increase (1) | Not tested | Not tested | No |
| Neurotrophin 3 | Increase (1) | Not tested | Not significant (1) | No |
| Ninjin’yoeito (extract from different medicinal herbs) | Increase (1) | Not tested | Not tested | No |
| Olesoxime (cholesterol-like compound) | Not significant (3) | Not significant (1) | Increase (2) | Yes (I) |
| Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) | Not tested | Increase (1) | Increase (1) | No |
| Plateled derived growth factor (PDGF) | Increase (1) | Increase (1) | Not tested | No |
| Progesterone | Increase (3) | Not significant (1) | Increase (2) | Yes (III) |
| Quetiapine (atypical antipsychotic) | Increase (3) | Not significant (1) | Increase (2) | Yes (II) |
| Sildenafil (phosphodiesterase inhibitor) | Increase (1) | Not tested | Not tested | No |
| Simvastatin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor) | Decrease (2) | Not significant (1) | Not significant (1) | Yes (IV) |
| siRNA against Nogo-receptor | Increase (1) | Not tested | Not tested | No |
| Sonic hedgehog | Not tested | Not tested | Increase (1) | No |
| Testosterone | Increase (1) | Increase (1) | Increase (1) | Yes (II) |
| Tocopherol derivate TFA-12 (Vitamin E derivate) | Increase (1) | Not significant (1) | Increase (1) | No |
| Trapidil (PDGF agonist) | Decrease (1) | Not tested | Not tested | No |
| Triiodothyronine | Increase (4) | Increase (1) | Increase (4) | Yes (I) |
| Valproic acid (antiepileptic) | Decrease (1) | Increase (1) | Decrease (1) | No |
| Vitamin E | Increase (3) | Not tested | Not tested | Yes (II) |
The numers in brackets in the second to fourth columns indicate the number of comparisons for each outcome. The roman number in brackets in the last column indicates the latest phase of clinical trial the therapy has entered.