Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Jan 29;9:827. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36822-1

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Signal detection data, presented as mean ± SEM, during the 18 month acquisition and reversal task are illustrated as a function of genotype and sex. A significant Task × Response Type × Genotype × Sex interaction [F(2, 108) = 7.2, p_GG ≤ 0.002, η_p² = 0.117] was observed. Male HIV-1 Tg (C) animals displayed a profound impairment in the detection of shorter signals during 18 month acquisition task and reversal task relative to male control (A) animals. Female HIV-1 Tg animals (D) failed to exhibit a deficit in the detection of shorter signals during the 18 month acquisition task relative to female control (B) animals. However, female HIV-1 Tg animals exhibited prominent impairments in flexibility and inhibition, evidenced by an inability to reliably detect the signal at any duration assessed during the reversal task.