Table 2.
Female coefficients representing the association between cause-specific death rates and lung cancer death rates. Source: 1980–2004 U.S. vital statistics data.
| Cause of death | Mean | 50–54 | 55–59 | 60–64 | 65–69 | 70–74 | 75–79 | 80–84 | 85+ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diseases established as caused by smoking | |||||||||
| Lip and oral cavity cancer | 0.35 | 1.43 | 0.80 | 0.11 | 0.15 | 0.31 | 0.11 | –0.17 | 0.08 |
| Esophageal cancer | 0.53 | 2.74 | 0.67 | 0.54 | –0.02 | 0.24 | 0.05 | –0.03 | 0.09 |
| Stomach cancer | –0.05 | –0.62 | 0.14 | –0.06 | 0.03 | –0.03 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.03 |
| Colorectal cancer | 0.19 | 0.46 | 0.42 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.09 |
| Liver cancer | –0.09 | –0.13 | –0.03 | –0.05 | –0.18 | –0.18 | 0.00 | –0.05 | –0.08 |
| Pancreatic cancer | 0.18 | 0.50 | 0.35 | 0.22 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.06 |
| Laryngeal cancer | 0.80 | 2.71 | 1.08 | 0.86 | 0.49 | 0.51 | 0.25 | 0.19 | 0.32 |
| Cervical cancer | –0.41 | –0.74 | –0.90 | –0.56 | –0.23 | –0.23 | –0.22 | –0.20 | –0.21 |
| Urinary bladder cancer | 0.25 | 0.91 | 0.09 | 0.32 | 0.08 | 0.26 | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.15 |
| Kidney and renal pelvis cancer | 0.11 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.00 | 0.14 | 0.07 | 0.15 | –0.03 | 0.07 |
| Acute myeloid leukemia | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.07 | 0.26 | 0.14 | 0.24 | –0.04 | 0.04 | 0.08 |
| Diabetes | 0.05 | 0.25 | 0.22 | 0.11 | –0.02 | –0.02 | 0.01 | –0.14 | –0.05 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 0.38 | 1.18 | 0.82 | 0.32 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.22 | 0.15 |
| Other heart disease | 0.41 | 1.03 | 0.96 | 0.44 | 0.33 | 0.23 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 0.13 |
| Stroke | 0.19 | 0.94 | 0.30 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.39 | 1.88 | 1.33 | 0.61 | 0.23 | –0.20 | –0.28 | –0.22 | –0.23 |
| Aortic aneurysm | 0.32 | 0.48 | 0.41 | 0.61 | 0.43 | 0.22 | 0.19 | 0.06 | 0.15 |
| Other arterial diseases | 0.22 | 0.13 | 0.41 | 0.25 | 0.35 | 0.17 | 0.23 | 0.06 | 0.15 |
| Pneumonia, influenza, and tuberculosis | 0.40 | 0.67 | 0.77 | 0.38 | 0.30 | 0.36 | 0.29 | 0.16 | 0.27 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 1.07 | 2.96 | 1.77 | 0.87 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.58 | 0.62 | 0.60 |
| Additional diseases associated with smoking | |||||||||
| All other infections | 0.19 | 0.45 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.28 | 0.20 | 0.18 | –0.10 | 0.09 |
| Breast cancer | 0.22 | 0.79 | 0.46 | 0.20 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.06 |
| Prostate cancer | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― |
| Rare cancers | 0.11 | 0.22 | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.07 |
| Cancers of unknown site | 0.23 | 0.84 | 0.60 | 0.32 | 0.10 | 0.05 | –0.04 | –0.02 | 0.00 |
| Hypertensive heart disease | 0.13 | 1.72 | 0.40 | –0.05 | –0.26 | –0.20 | –0.15 | –0.21 | –0.19 |
| Essential hypertension/hypertensive renal disease | 0.58 | 2.70 | 0.63 | 0.48 | –0.22 | 0.27 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.25 |
| All other respiratory diseases | 0.40 | 1.01 | 0.96 | 0.38 | 0.24 | 0.30 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 0.14 |
| Intestinal ischemia | 0.70 | 1.93 | 1.05 | 0.74 | 0.54 | 0.41 | 0.35 | 0.23 | 0.33 |
| Liver cirrhosis | –0.23 | –1.25 | –0.41 | –0.04 | 0.20 | 0.12 | –0.07 | –0.29 | –0.08 |
| All other digestive diseases | 0.13 | –0.32 | 0.48 | 0.31 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.10 |
| Renal failure | 0.15 | 0.95 | 0.38 | 0.19 | 0.15 | 0.07 | –0.13 | –0.28 | –0.11 |
| Additional rare causes combined | 0.12 | –0.01 | 0.35 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.17 | 0.08 | –0.13 | 0.04 |
| Unknown causes | –1.27 | –0.13 | –1.96 | –1.24 | –1.15 | –1.54 | –1.44 | –1.28 | –1.42 |