Table 2.

Female coefficients representing the association between cause-specific death rates and lung cancer death rates. Source: 1980–2004 U.S. vital statistics data.

Cause of death	Mean	50–54	55–59	60–64	65–69	70–74	75–79	80–84	85+
Diseases established as caused by smoking
Lip and oral cavity cancer	0.35	1.43	0.80	0.11	0.15	0.31	0.11	–0.17	0.08
Esophageal cancer	0.53	2.74	0.67	0.54	–0.02	0.24	0.05	–0.03	0.09
Stomach cancer	–0.05	–0.62	0.14	–0.06	0.03	–0.03	0.04	0.08	0.03
Colorectal cancer	0.19	0.46	0.42	0.19	0.10	0.12	0.07	0.06	0.09
Liver cancer	–0.09	–0.13	–0.03	–0.05	–0.18	–0.18	0.00	–0.05	–0.08
Pancreatic cancer	0.18	0.50	0.35	0.22	0.16	0.13	0.05	0.01	0.06
Laryngeal cancer	0.80	2.71	1.08	0.86	0.49	0.51	0.25	0.19	0.32
Cervical cancer	–0.41	–0.74	–0.90	–0.56	–0.23	–0.23	–0.22	–0.20	–0.21
Urinary bladder cancer	0.25	0.91	0.09	0.32	0.08	0.26	0.02	0.16	0.15
Kidney and renal pelvis cancer	0.11	0.23	0.23	0.00	0.14	0.07	0.15	–0.03	0.07
Acute myeloid leukemia	0.12	0.20	0.07	0.26	0.14	0.24	–0.04	0.04	0.08
Diabetes	0.05	0.25	0.22	0.11	–0.02	–0.02	0.01	–0.14	–0.05
Ischemic heart disease	0.38	1.18	0.82	0.32	0.12	0.11	0.14	0.22	0.15
Other heart disease	0.41	1.03	0.96	0.44	0.33	0.23	0.12	0.03	0.13
Stroke	0.19	0.94	0.30	0.12	0.12	0.03	0.00	0.02	0.01
Atherosclerosis	0.39	1.88	1.33	0.61	0.23	–0.20	–0.28	–0.22	–0.23
Aortic aneurysm	0.32	0.48	0.41	0.61	0.43	0.22	0.19	0.06	0.15
Other arterial diseases	0.22	0.13	0.41	0.25	0.35	0.17	0.23	0.06	0.15
Pneumonia, influenza, and tuberculosis	0.40	0.67	0.77	0.38	0.30	0.36	0.29	0.16	0.27
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	1.07	2.96	1.77	0.87	0.60	0.60	0.58	0.62	0.60
Additional diseases associated with smoking
All other infections	0.19	0.45	0.20	0.19	0.28	0.20	0.18	–0.10	0.09
Breast cancer	0.22	0.79	0.46	0.20	0.08	0.10	0.04	0.03	0.06
Prostate cancer	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	―
Rare cancers	0.11	0.22	0.09	0.14	0.12	0.07	0.11	0.03	0.07
Cancers of unknown site	0.23	0.84	0.60	0.32	0.10	0.05	–0.04	–0.02	0.00
Hypertensive heart disease	0.13	1.72	0.40	–0.05	–0.26	–0.20	–0.15	–0.21	–0.19
Essential hypertension/hypertensive renal disease	0.58	2.70	0.63	0.48	–0.22	0.27	0.25	0.24	0.25
All other respiratory diseases	0.40	1.01	0.96	0.38	0.24	0.30	0.13	0.00	0.14
Intestinal ischemia	0.70	1.93	1.05	0.74	0.54	0.41	0.35	0.23	0.33
Liver cirrhosis	–0.23	–1.25	–0.41	–0.04	0.20	0.12	–0.07	–0.29	–0.08
All other digestive diseases	0.13	–0.32	0.48	0.31	0.14	0.19	0.10	0.01	0.10
Renal failure	0.15	0.95	0.38	0.19	0.15	0.07	–0.13	–0.28	–0.11
Additional rare causes combined	0.12	–0.01	0.35	0.24	0.25	0.17	0.08	–0.13	0.04
Unknown causes	–1.27	–0.13	–1.96	–1.24	–1.15	–1.54	–1.44	–1.28	–1.42