Figure 2.

Activation of RAGE signalling. Preassembly of RAGE into dimers and multimers is necessary for RAGE to bind ligands and activate downstream signalling pathways. Upon ligand binding, the RAGE's intracellular domain changes its conformation allowing the interaction with intracellular partners. RAGE signalling involves GTPases and kinases that activate transcription factors. RAGE activation leads to changes in gene expression and altered cellular function including migration, survival, cytokine production, inflammation, proliferation, differentation, and upregulation of RAGE expression itself.