Table 1.
Author | Subjects | Exercise protocol | Markers of autophagic activity | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jamart, Benoit, et al. (2012), Jamart, Francaux, et al. (2012) | 8 experienced ultra‐endurance‐trained males | 200 km run (competitive race) |
3 hr post‐race:
Atg4: ↑ 40% Atg12: ↑ 57% GABARAPL1: ↑ 286% LC3B: ↑ 103% Cathespin L: ↑ 123% |
BNIP3: ↑ 123% BNIP31: ↑123% beclin−1: ↔ ULK1: ↔ |
Jamart, Benoit, et al. (2012), Jamart, Francaux, et al. (2012) | 11 experienced ultra‐endurance‐trained males | 149.8 km run |
10 min postexercise
LC3B‐II: ↑ 554% cAtg12: ↑ 36% Atg7: ↔ BNIP3: ↔ |
beclin−1: ↔ AMPK: ↑ 247% FOXO3a: ↓ 49% mTOR: ↓ 32% |
Masschelein et al. (2014) | 11 healthy monozygotic twins |
20 min cycling ~50% VO2max |
Im postexercise
LC3‐II (protein expression): ↔ LC3‐I (protein expression): ↔ LC3‐II:I (protein ratio): ↔ cATG12 (protein expression): ↔ |
p62 (protein expression): ↔ BNIP3 (mRNA expression): ↔ FOXO1/3a (phosphorylation): ↔ AMPK (phosphorylation): ↔ |
Moller et al. (2015) | 8 recreationally‐ active males |
60 min cycling ~50% VO2max |
90 min postexercise
AMPK (phosphorylation): ↑ mTOR (phosphorylation): ↔ ULK1 (phosphorylation): ↑ ULK1 (protein expression): ↔ LC3B‐II (protein expression): ↓ GABARAP (protein expression): ↓ |
Atg5 (protein expression): ↓ LC3B‐I (protein expression): ↔ LC3B‐II:I (protein ratio): ↓ p62 (protein expression): ↔ beclin−1 (protein expression): ↔ |
Tachtsis et al. (2016) | 16 healthy, untrained males | 60 min cycling ~70% VO2max |
3 hr postexercise
p53 (nuclear protein localization) ↑ Atg5 (protein expression) ↓ ULK1 (protein expression) ↔ LC3B‐I (protein expression) ↔ |
LC3B‐II (protein expression) ↔ LC3B‐II:I (protein ratio) ↔ p62 (protein expression) ↔ |
Schwalm et al. (2015) | 23 trained males | 2 hr cycling: 55% VO2peak (fasted and fed) or 70% VO2peak (fasted and fed) |
Im post, 1 hr postexercise
ULK1Ser757 (phosphorylation): 55% VO2peak fasted: ↔ Im post; ↔ 1 hr 70% VO2peak fasted: ↔ Im post; ↔ 1 hr 55% VO2peak fed: ↓ Im post; ↓1 hr 70% VO2peak fed: ↓Im post; ↓1 hr AMPK(phosphorylation): 55% VO2peak fasted: ↔ Im post; ↔ 1 hr 70% VO2peak fasted: ↑ Im post; ↔ 1 hr 55% VO2peak fed: ↑ Im post; ↔ 1 hr 70% VO2peak fed: ↑ Im post; ↔ 1 hr ULK1Ser317(phosphorylation): 55% VO2peak fasted: ↑ Im post; ↔ 1 hr 70% VO2peak fasted: ↑ Im post; ↑ 1 hr 55% VO2peak fed: ↑ Im post; ↑ 1 hr 70% VO2peak fed: ↑ Im post; ↑ 1 hr LC3B‐II (protein expression): 55% VO2peak fasted: ↓ Im post; ↓ 1 hr 70% VO2peak fasted: ↓ Im post; ↓ 1 hr 55% VO2peak fed: ↓ Im post; ↔ 1 hr 70% VO2peak fed: ↓ Im post; ↓ 1 hr LC3B‐I (protein expression): 55% VO2peak fasted: ↔ Im post; ↔ 1 hr 70% VO2peak fasted: ↔ Im post; ↔ 1 hr 55% VO2peak fed: ↔ Im post; ↔ 1 hr 70% VO2peak fed: ↔ Im post; ↔ 1 hr |
LC3B‐II:I (protein ratio):
55% VO2peak fasted: ↓ Im post; ↓ 1 hr 70% VO2peak fasted: ↓ Im post; ↓ 1 hr 55% VO2peak fed: ↓ Im post; ↔ 1 hr 70% VO2peak fed: ↓ Im post; ↓ 1 hr p62 (mRNA expression): 55% VO2peak fasted: ↔ Im post; ↔ 1 hr 70% VO2peak fasted: ↔ Im post; ↓ 1 hr 55% VO2peak fed: ↔ Im post; ↔ 1 hr 70% VO2peak fed: ↔ Im post; ↓ 1 hr p62 (protein expression): 55% VO2peak fasted: ↔ Im post; ↑ 1 hr 70% VO2peak fasted: ↑ Im post; ↑ 1 hr 55% VO2peak fed: ↔Im post; ↑ 1 hr 70% VO2peak fed: ↑ Im post; ↑ 1 hr GABARAPL1 (mRNA exrepression): 55% VO2peak fasted: ↔ Im post; ↔1 hr 70% VO2peak fasted: ↑ Im post; ↑ 1 hr 55% VO2peak fed: ↔Im post; ↑ 1 hr 70% VO2peak fed: ↑ Im post; ↑ 1 hr Cathespin L (mRNA expression): 55% VO2peak fasted: ↔ Im post; ↔ 1 hr 70% VO2peak fasted: ↑ Im post; ↑ 1 hr 55% VO2peak fed: ↔ Im post; ↔ 1 hr 70% VO2peak fed: ↑ Im post; ↑ 1 hr |
hr: hour(s); Im: immediate; km: kilometers; min: minute(s); VO2max: maximum oxygen consumption; VO2peak: peak oxygen consumption.