Table 3.
Biological function and treatment (n = 124)
| Co‐morbidities | |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 62% |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 61% |
| Heart valve disease | 42% |
| Hypertension | 41% |
| Diabetes mellitus | 27% |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 24% |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 22% |
| Previous invasive cardiac treatment | |
| Device therapy | 40% |
| Pacemaker | 22% |
| Cardiac resynchronization therapy | 9% |
| Implantable cardioverter defibrillator | 9% |
| Revascularization | 36% |
| PCI | 18% |
| PCI and CABG | 13% |
| CABG | 5% |
| Valve surgery | 9% |
| Left ventricular function | |
| HFpEF | 25% |
| HFmrEF | 25% |
| HFrEF | 50% |
| Medical treatment | |
| ARBs/ACE‐I | 79% |
| Beta‐blocker | 92% |
| Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists | 41% |
| Diuretics | 94% |
| Digitalis | 24% |
| Number of other drugs | 1–14 |
ACE‐I, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARBs, Angiotensin II receptor blockers; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; HFmrEF, heart failure with mid‐range EF; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved EF; HFREF, heart failure with reduced EF; PCI, Percutaneous coronary intervention.