NOX4 levels increase in BCG-induced pleurisy lung fibrosis. SiNOX4 post-treatment attenuates the hyperplasia of the visceral pleura, granuloma, and bronchiolitis induced by BCG in the mouse model. (a) Western blotting analyses of NOX4 and Collagen-1A mRNA concentration by RT-PCR. (b) Microscopic examination of lungs at days15 in four groups (PBS + SiCon group, BCG + SiCongroup, PBS + SiNOX4 group, and BCG + SiNOX4 group). Seven mice per group were analyzed. Scale bar: 200 μm. (c) Immunostaining of NOX4 in mouse lungs. Scale bar: 50 μm. (d) Immunostaining of Elastica van Gieson in mouse lungs. (Collagen: red color). Scale bar: 50 μm. (e) Quantification of lung fibrosis and free alveolar space. * p < 0.05. BCG, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; COL1A, collagen 1A.