. 2019 Jan 10;7(1):14. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms7010014

Table 1.

Microbiota variations within individuals.

		Gut Microbiota Abundance							Bacteria Diversity	Ref.
		Actinobacteria	Bacteroidetes	Firmicutes	Proteobacteria	Fusobacteria	Verrucomicrobia	Euryarchaeota	Bacteria Diversity	Ref.
Anatomical part of gut tract	Small intestine			Lactobacillus	Enterobacteriaceae *					[14]
Anatomical part of gut tract	Colon		Bacteroidaceae * Prevotellaceae * Rikenellaceae *	Lachnospiraceae * Ruminococcaceae *						[14]
Gestational age	Preterm birth (<37 weeks of gestation)	Bifidobacterium spp.↓ Atopobium spp.↓	Bacteroides *↓ (non-secretor mothers)	Firmicutes ↓ (non-secretor mothers) Lactobacillus↑ Ruminococcus* spp. Lachnospiraceae * Peptostreptococcaceae * Clostridiaceae *	Enterobacteriaceae ↑ Enterococcus* spp.↑				↓	[15,16,19]
Gestational age	Full-term birth	Bifidobacterium spp.↑	Bacteroidetes *↑	Ruminococcus spp. Lachnospiraceae * Peptostreptococcaceae * Clostridiaceae *	Enterobacteriaceae *				↑	[16,20]
Type of delivery	Vaginal delivery	Bifidobacterium spp.↑ Bifidobacterium longum↑ Bifidobacterium catenulatum↑	Prevotella↑ Bacteroides fragilis↑	Lactobacillus↑ Staphylococcus↑ Streptococcus ↑	Escherichia↑	Sneathia↑			↑	[22,23,24,25,26]
Type of delivery	C-section	Corynebacterium↑ Propionibacterium↑	Bacteroides *↓	Staphylococcus↑	Escherichia↓ Shigella↓				↓	[21,22,23,27]
Methods of (milk) feedings	Breast milk	Bifidobacterium↑↑		Lactobacillus↑ Staphylococcus ↑	Enterococcus↑				↑	[27,30,31,32,38]
	Artificial milk	Bifidobacterium↑	Bacteroides↑	Clostridium↑ Clostridium difficile↑ Lactobacillus↑	Escherichia↑				↓	[27,30,31,32]
	Introduction of solid food	Bifidobacterium↑	Bacteroidetes ↑ Bacteroides*↑	Firmicutes ↑ Lactobacilli↑ Clostridium coccoides*↑					↑	[36,37]
Human age	Childhood (first year of life)	Bifidobacterium	Bacteroides	Veillonella C. coccoides C. botulinum			Akkermansia muciniphila		↑	[38,39]
	2–3 years old to adult	Bifidobacteriaceae * Coriobacteriaceae *	Bacteroidaceae * Prevotellaceae * Rikenellaceae *	Lachnospiraceae Ruminococcaceae	Proteobacteria *	Fusobacteria *	Akkermansia muciniphila	Methanobrevibacter smithii	↑	[38]
	Over 70	Bifidobacteriaceae↓		Clostridium *↓	Proteobacteria *↑				↓	[40]
Antibiotic treatments	Macrolide	Actinobacteria *↓	Bacteroides↑	Firmicutes *↓	Proteobacteria *↑				↓	[43]
	Clarithromycin	Actinobacteria *↓	Bacteroides↑	Firmicutes *↓	Proteobacteria *↑				↓
	Vancomycin			Lactobacillus↓ Clostridium↓					↓
	Ciprofloxacin	Bifidobacterium↓	Alistipes↓ Bacteroides↑	Faecalibacterium↓ Oscillospira↓ Ruminococcus↓ Dialister↓					↓
	Clindamycin	Bifidobacteriaceae↓ Lactobacillus↓							↓

* Unknown genera.